| 词条 | Clodomiro Picado Twight |
| 释义 |
{{Infobox scientist Clodomiro Picado Twight (April 17, 1887 - May 16, 1944), also known as "Clorito Picado", was a Costa Rican scientist, born in Nicaragua, who was recognized for his research and discoveries. He was a pioneer in the researching of snakes and serpent venoms; his internationally recognized achievement is the development of various antivenins. His work on molds was a precursor to the formal discovery of penicillin. His work resulted in compounds which he used to treat patients at least one year before the re-discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming.[1] He wrote over 115 works, mainly books and monographs. BiographyEarly lifePicado was born in April 1887 in San Marcos in Nicaragua to Clodomiro Picado Lara and Carlota Twight Umaña, who both had Costa Rican citizenship. In 1890, when Picado was 2 years old, he and his parents moved to Cartago, Costa Rica. He then attended San Luis Gonzaga high school, graduating in 1906. Due to his excellent grades, he was granted a scholarship to study in France, where he later studied at the University of the Sorbonne and received his diploma in Zoology in 1909. In 1910, he returned to Costa Rica, but left shortly after to continue his studies. He received his diploma with superior studies in Botany. Picado received the academic rank of Doctor in science in 1913, and that same year he was admitted to the Pasteur Institute and the Colonial Institute of Paris. In 1915, he published "Anales del Hospital de San José", a quarterly medical publication in Costa Rica.[2] DeathIn 1944, after an ailment Picado died.[3] Dr. Picado was declared "Meritorious of the Motherland" ({{lang-es|Benemérito de la Patria}}) by the Costa Rican Congress, by means of decree no. 34 of 21 of December 1943.[4] Investigation and findingsThe scientific work of Dr. Picado was prolific and very extensive; it is calculated that he wrote about 115 research papers in his lifetime, delving into nearly all aspects of his environment: soil, flora, fauna, human tissues, water, and others.[5] Among them are included books and monographs. His work covered topics of zoology, botany of bromeliads, ophidism, physiology, phytopathology, industrial microbiology, medical microbiology, and immunology. In March 2000, doctors from the San Juan de Dios Hospital in San José, the capital of Costa Rica, published his manuscripts, in which he explains his experiences between 1915 and 1927 with the inhibiting action of fungi of the Penicillium genus in the growth of Staphylococci and Streptococci (bacteria that cause a series of infections). In 1927, he demonstrated the inhibitory action of the bacillus genus Penicillium on the proliferation of the bacteria Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Although, the discovery of penicillin has been attributed to Alexander Fleming, Picados' old laboratory notebooks from 1923 show records of the antibiosis of Penicillium sp.[5] For this reason he is renowned as one of the precursors of the penicillin antibiotic. The report with the results of the treatments performed with penicillin by Dr. Picado were published by the Biology Society of Paris in 1927.[6] Honors and recognitionIn memory of Dr. Picado's outstanding scientific work, since 1977 the Costa Rican Ministry of Science and Technology (MICIT), together with the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sport (MCJD) grant annually the National Award of Science and Technology "Clodomiro Picado Twight", as stimulus and recognition for the prominent scientific and technological work of Costa Rican citizens.[7] The prize was modified in June 2000, and divided into the following two categories a year later:
Both prizes are awarded annually. The winners become creditors of a commemorative statuette of Dr. Picado, a parchment and a prize in cash. Picado was featured on the 2,000 colónes bill, banknote of Costa Rica. In 2000, Picado's daughter-in-law, Lolita González Picado, accepted the Gold Medal awarded posthumously to Picado by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).[5] There are several institutions and places in Costa Rica named in Picado's memory:
A species of Central American venomous snake, Atropoides picadoi, is named in his honor.[9] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/ESPECIALES/tiempo2000/figuras2.html|title=El legado de Clorito|author=La Nación Digital|accessdate=2008-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404043307/http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/ESPECIALES/tiempo2000/figuras2.html|archive-date=2009-04-04|dead-url=yes|df=}} 2. ^Dr. Clodomiro Picado Twight: Biografía {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302214502/http://www.icp.ucr.ac.cr/biografi.htm |date=2008-03-02 }} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Biografía del Dr. Clodomiro Picado Twigth |url=http://www.micit.go.cr/programas/premio_biografia.htm |work=Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología |accessdate=2008-03-02 |language=Spanish |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214004559/http://www.micit.go.cr/programas/premio_biografia.htm |archivedate=2007-12-14 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Clodomiro Picado Twight |url=http://196.40.23.180/galeria/beneme/picado_t.htm |work=Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica |accessdate=2008-02-27 |language=Spanish |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225131433/http://196.40.23.180/galeria/beneme/picado_t.htm |archivedate=February 25, 2009 }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite news | title=Dr. Clodomiro Picado Twight Honored with WIPO medal | url =http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/pdf/2000/wipo_pub_121_2000_07-08.pdf | work =WIPO Magazine | pages =11 | accessdate = 2008-03-02|format=PDF}} 6. ^{{cite news | first=Enrique | last=Tovar | title=El legado de Clorito | url=http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/ESPECIALES/tiempo2000/figuras2.html | work=Nacion | pages= | accessdate=2008-03-02 | language=Spanish | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404043307/http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/ESPECIALES/tiempo2000/figuras2.html | archive-date=2009-04-04 | dead-url=yes | df= }} 7. ^{{cite news|title=Premio Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología "Clodomiro Picado |url=http://www.micit.go.cr/docs/gal_lomonte.pdf |work=Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología |accessdate=2008-03-02 |language=Spanish |format=PDF }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} 8. ^Instituto de Investigación Clodomiro Picado 9. ^Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Picado", p. 207). External links
5 : 1887 births|1944 deaths|People from Carazo Department|Costa Rican scientists|Nicaraguan emigrants to Costa Rica |
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