| 词条 | Cloeon dipterum |
| 释义 |
| name = Cloeon dipterum | image = Cloeon dipterum - side (aka).jpg | image_caption = Adult female | image2 = Cloeon dipterum.jpg | image2_caption = Naiad (larva) | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Ephemeroptera | familia = Baetidae | genus = Cloeon | species = C. dipterum | binomial = Cloeon dipterum | binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1761) | synonyms_ref = [1][2] | synonyms =
}} Cloeon dipterum is a species of mayfly with a Holarctic distribution. It is the most common mayfly in ponds in the British Isles and the only ovoviviparous mayfly in Europe. Males differ from females in having turbinate eyes. DescriptionIn common with other members of the genera Cloeon and Procloeon, C. dipterum has a single pair of wings.[2] This is also reflected in the specific epithet dipterum, which is from the Latin {{lang|la|di-}}, meaning two, and the Greek {{lang|el|pteron}}, meaning wing, and in his original description, Carl Linnaeus stated {{lang|la|Inferiores alæ vix existunt}} ("smaller wings hardly present").[4] The compound eyes of C. dipterum show a striking sexual dimorphism, whereby females have lateral apposition eyes, while the males' eyes have an additional dorsal "turban-shaped" parts that function as superposition eyes.[3] These extra eyes are thought to enable the males to locate isolated females in the mating swarm.[3] Ecology and life cycleCloeon dipterum is unusual among mayflies in being ovoviviparous, and is the only ovoviviparous mayfly species known in Europe.[4] Females lay eggs 10–14 days after mating, and the eggs hatch as soon as they hit the water.[4] The larvae can survive for months in anoxic conditions, an adaptation which is necessary to survive the winter in ponds which freeze over and therefore contain little dissolved oxygen.[5] In captivity, adult females have been kept alive for up to three weeks.[6]Distribution and taxonomyCloeon dipterum was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 2nd edition of his Fauna Suecica.[7] Since then, Cloeon dipterum has been the recipient of unusually many taxonomic synonyms.[8] Alongside new combinations of Linnaeus' original name in different genera (Ephemera, Chloeon, Cloe and Cloeopsis), true synonyms include three introduced by Otto Friedrich Müller in 1776 (E. annulatum, E. rufulum and E. dimidiatum), one by William Elford Leach in 1815 (C. pallidum), two by John Curtis in 1834 (C. marmoratum and C. obscurum), three by James Francis Stephens in 1835 (C. cognatum, C. consobrinum and C. virgo), and one each by Jules Pierre Rambur in 1842 (C. affinis), Costa in 1882 (C. apicalis), Bengtsson in 1940 (C. inscriptum) and Jacob in 1969 (C. szegedi). Cloeon dipterum is widespread across Europe and Asia. In the British Isles, C. dipterum is the commonest mayfly in ponds, with around 40% of all ponds containing C. dipterum, rising to 70% in the south.[9] In 1953, a single female Cloeon dipterum was discovered in Illinois, having not been previously recorded in North America, and was found near Lucas, Ohio in 1960.[10] The species is now known to have a wide distribution in North America. Individuals of C. dipterum from Madeira are now placed in a different species, Cloeon peregrinator.[11]See also
References1. ^{{ITIS |id=100761 |taxon=Cloeon dipterum (Linnaeus, 1761)}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q691414}}2. ^{{cite book |author=Michael Chinery |year=1993 |title=Insects of Britain and Northern Europe |edition=3rd |series=Collins Field Guides |publisher=Collins |isbn=978-0-00-219918-6 |chapter=Order Ephemeroptera - Mayflies |pages=52–57}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |author=K. Wolburg-Buchholz |year=1977 |journal=Cell and Tissue Research |volume=177 |issue=1 |pages=9–28 |doi=10.1007/BF00221115 |title=The superposition eye of Cloeon dipterum: the organization of the lamina ganglionaris}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal |author=J. E. Brittain |year=1982 |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |volume=27 |pages=119–147 |doi=10.1146/annurev.en.27.010182.001003 |title=Biology of Mayflies}} 5. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/3543308 |author=B. Nagell |year=1977 |title=Survival of Cloeon dipterum (Ephemeroptera) larvae under anoxic conditions in winter |journal=Oikos |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=161–165 |jstor=3543308}} 6. ^{{cite book |author=John Obadiah Westwood |year=1840 |title=An introduction to the modern classification of insects: founded on the natural habits and corresponding organisation of the different families, Volume 2 |publisher=Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYFIAAAAYAAJ |pages=27}} 7. ^1 {{cite book |author=Carl Linnaeus |year=1761 |title=Fauna Suecica |edition=2nd |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/faunasvecicasis00linn |chapter=1477. EPHEMERA dipterum |pages=377}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal |doi=10.1163/187631275X00046 |title=What is Cloeon dipterum (Linnaeus, 1761)? |author=Ryszard Sowa |journal=Insect Systematics & Evolution |volume=6 |issue=3–4 |year=1975 |pages=215–223 |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/ise/1975/00000006/F0020003/art00004 }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pondconservation.org.uk/bigponddip/animalsinyourpondmayflies |title=Mayflies |publisher=Pond Conservation |accessdate=June 15, 2010}} 10. ^{{cite journal |author=Jay R. Traver |year=1962 |title=Cloeon dipterum (L.) in Ohio (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) |journal=Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=47–50 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50586608#page/61/mode/1up }} 11. ^{{cite journal |author1=Jean-Luc Gattolliat |author2=Samantha J. Hughes |author3=Michael T. Monaghan |author4=Michel Sartori |year=2008 |title=Revision of Madeiran mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) |journal=Zootaxa |volume=1957 |pages=52–68 |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/z01957p068f.pdf }} 6 : Mayflies|Insects described in 1761|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|Insects of Asia|Insects of Europe|Insects of North America |
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