1. History

2. Geography

3. Main sights

4. Economy

5. Climate

6. Sport

7. Quality of life

8. Notable natives and residents

9. International relations
    Twin towns — Sister cities 

10. See also

11. References

12. Sources and external links

History

For the ecclesiastical history, see Roman Catholic Diocese of Alba Pompeia

Alba's origins date from before the Roman civilization, connected probably to the presence of Celtic and Ligurian tribes in the area.

The modern town occupies the site of ancient Alba Pompeia, the name given after being officially recognized as a town by the Roman consul Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo while constructing a road from Aquae Statiellae (Acqui) to Augusta Taurinorum (Turin). Alba was the birthplace of Publius Helvius Pertinax, briefly Roman emperor in 193.

After the fall of the Western Empire, the city was repeatedly sacked by Ostrogoths, Burgundians, Byzantines, Lombards, Franks, Hungarians and Saracens. In the 11th century it became a free commune (or city-state) and was a member of the Lombard League. Montferrat and the Visconti fought over the town; later it became a possession of the Gonzaga. Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy conquered it twice, while later France and Spain battled for its possession. The Treaty of Cherasco (1631) assigned Alba definitively to Savoy. During Napoleonic Wars, it was part of the Republic of Alba (1796) and of the Subalpine Republic, both French clients, before being annexed to the French Empire in 1802. It was an arrondissement center in firstly Tanaro department between 1802-1805, later in Stura one between 1805-1814 before liberation by Austrian troops. It was returned to Kingdom of Sardinia (Duchy of Savoy's name after gaining Sardinia in 1720) in 1814.

Alba won a Gold Medal for Military Valour for the heroic activity of its citizens in the Italian resistance movement during the course of World War II. On 10 October 1944, the town was liberated by partisans who established a Republic of Alba which for a few weeks was able to maintain its independence from the Fascist Republic of Salò. The republic lasted to 2 November 1944, when Republic of Salo retook it. It was finally liberated by French troops on 2 May 1945.

Geography

Approximately located at about 50 km from the cities of Turin and Cuneo, Alba is placed on the right side of the river Tanaro. The climate is typically more drought than in other lands at the north of the Po river.

Main sights

Of the Roman city, which had a polygonal form, parts of the fortified gate and remains of some edifices with marble and mosaics can still be seen.

Other attractions include:

• Palazzo Comunale (13th century): city hall housing a Nativity (1501) by Macrino d'Alba; adjacent is the Bishop's Palace.
• City towers (14th and 15th centuries): Alba was once known as the "City with hundred towers".
• Duomo of San Lorenzo (12th-century): Roman Catholic cathedral built in Romanesque style, probably atop an Ancient Roman temple. It was restructured multiple times over the centuries, starting in the 15th century in a reconstruction patronized by bishop Andrea Novelli. The current appearance derives from a controversial 19th-century restoration; however, the three portals and the crypt remain from the original edifice. The church is well known for its wood-carved choir made in 1512 by Bernardino Fossati. The current belfry, from the 12th century, includes entirely the original bell tower.
• San Domenico (13th-14th centuries): Gothic architecture church housing much of the most salient sacred artworks in town. It has a noteworthy portal with a triple arch within a pointed arch, a polygonal apse and traces of Renaissance frescoes. During the Napoleonic Wars it was used a stable, but reconsecrated on 22 June 1827.
• St John the Baptist (San Giovanni Battista): Baroque architecture church housing a Madonna of the Graces (1377) by Barnaba da Modena and a Madonna with Saints (1508) by Macrino d'Alba.
• Santa Maria Maddalena (late-18th century): small late-Baroque church designed by Bernardo Antonio Vittone and housing the relics of Blessed Margaret of Savoy.

The city museums include the Federico Eusebio Civic Museum of Archaeology and Natural Sciences.

Economy

In addition to traditional agriculture, Alba is a very important center of wine. In the area of Alba, in fact, there are 290 wineries that cultivate an area of {{convert|700|ha|acre}} of land, producing an average of 61,200 hL of wine annually.^[4]

The wines of Alba are among the most renowned in Italy and are divided into:

• DOC: Barbera, Dolcetto, Nebbiolo.
• DOCG: Barbaresco, Barolo, Moscato.

The city has a thriving economy, boasting the confectionery industry's world-renowned Ferrero, the publishing house Società San Paolo and the textile firm Miroglio.

The town also houses the largest cooperative credit bank of Italy, by number of partners,^[5] the Banca d'Alba, and the international food chain Eataly. UniEuro, the Italian chain of stores specializing in household electrical appliances and acquired by Dixons Retail in 2002, was also established in Alba.

Alba is also famous worldwide for its white truffles, and its annual Truffle Festival.

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification, Alba has a humid subtropical climate which is moderated by the proximity of the Mediterranean sea. Its winter are warmer, January is usually {{convert|5|°C|0}}, and its summers are hot, where temperature can reach {{convert|35|°C|0}}. Rain falls mostly during the spring and autumn; during the hottest months rain is less common, July with {{convert|43|mm|0|abbr=on}} and August with {{convert|51|mm|0|abbr=on}}. During November and December, the town of Alba can be prone to fog.

Sport

The town’s football club, A.S.D. Albese Calcio has been in existence since 1917.

Quality of life

In 2009 Alba was the 1st Italian Comune with more than ten thousands inhabitants for Quality of life.

Notable natives and residents

• Publius Helvius Pertinax (126–193), Governor of Britain c.185–187 and Roman Emperor for the first 86 days of 193 AD was born in Alba.
• The Blessed Margaret of Savoy (1390–1464), child bride and childless, youthful widow of Theodore II, Marquess of Montferrat established, ruled over, and was interred in a monastery here.
• Macrino d'Alba (c.1460–65 – c.1510–20) was a Renaissance painter, born in Alba and largely active in north-west Italy.
• Giuseppe "Pinot" Gallizio (1912–1964), an artist born in Alba and co-founder there of the International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus.
• Beppe Fenoglio (1922–1963) was a writer born in Alba and a (royalist) partisan fighter who participated in the brief liberation of the town from Nazi-Fascist control in 1944.
• Sara Bonifacio (1996-), Italian female volleyballplayer.

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Alba is twinned with:

• {{flagicon|GER}} Böblingen, Germany Inge Brenner, Head of Committee
• {{flagicon|FRA}} Beausoleil, France
• {{flagicon|USA}} Medford, Oregon, USA since 1960
• {{flagicon|SVK}} Banská Bystrica, Slovakia since 1967^[6]

See also

• Republic of Alba (1796–1810)
• Republic of Alba (1944)
• Roman Catholic Diocese of Alba Pompeia
• Piemonte (wine)
• Nutella

References

Sources and external links

• www.comune.alba.cn.it {{it icon}} – the official website of the city council
• Alba Music Festival, artistic direction: Giuseppe Nova, Jeff Silberschlag, Larry Vote
• Guide to Alba city – Information, phone numbers and useful links at comuni-italiani.it
• Information on Alba – a very short tourist guide from www.piemonte-Italy.info
• Coro Giovanile La Schola {{it icon}} – the website of the “La Schola” youth choir of the cathedral parish of Alba
• Diocese of Alba Pompeia – article from the Old Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913

• Afendy, Khairulnizam
• Afe Negus
• Afenir
• Afenir, Troy
• Afenmai language
• Afenmai people
• Afenogenov
• Afenogenov, Denis
• Afensar
• Afep Pigeon
• Afeq
• Afera Bitchcraft
• Aferalign
• Aferalign, Abel
• Afera Strelnikoff
• Afer dhe larg
• Afer dhe Larg (song)
• Afer dhe larg (song)
• Aferim!
• Aferim
• Afermejan
• Afermejan-e Bala
• Afermejan-e Olya
• Afermejan-e Pa'in
• Afermejan-e Pain