| 词条 | Cocido madrileño |
| 释义 |
| name = Cocido madrileño | image = CocidoMadrileño.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Part of a cocido serving, with chickpeas, vegetables and meat | alternate_name = | country = Spain | region = Madrid | creator = | course = Appetiser or main course | served = Hot | main_ingredient = Chickpeas | variations = | calories = | other = }} Cocido madrileño ("Madrilenian stew", {{IPA-es|koˈθiðo maðɾiˈleɲo}}) is a traditional chickpea-based stew from Madrid, Spain. A substantial dish prepared with meat and vegetables, it is most popular during the winter but is served throughout the year in some restaurants. HistoryThe origins of the dish are uncertain, but most sources agree that probably it was created during the Middle Ages as an evolution of the Sephardic dish adafina. Long-cooking dishes were indispensable for Jews as they allowed hearty meals during Shabbat. These first versions were kosher, using eggs and without pork.[1] Within time, adafina was soon popular elsewhere{{Where?|date=May 2015}}. The growth of anti-Semitism and the Inquisition during the 15th and 16th centuries modified the dish substantially, as the fear of being denounced as Jewish forced Christians and Marranos (converted Jews) alike to prove themselves as Christians by incorporating pork into their meals. Soon lard, bacon, chorizo (pork sausage) and morcilla (blood sausage) were added to the dish.[2] From these origins, the recipe allowed few modifications and was soon established as a staple of Madrid cuisine. During the growth of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries, its low cost and heartiness made it a popular order in small restaurants and the taverns catering to manual workers. After the Civil War, the austerity period, followed by the introduction of more convenient meals, reduced the public popularity of the dish. IngredientsThe main ingredient of cocido is the chickpea or garbanzo. Vegetables are added: potatoes mainly, but also cabbage, carrots, and turnips. In some cases, green bean, mangold, cardoon or cheese are also added. The meat used is fundamentally pork: pork belly, usually fresh, but sometimes cured (some purists even insist to a point of rancidity); fresh (unsmoked) chorizo; onion morcilla, and dried and cured jamón serrano. Beef shank is also added; the fat content (flor) of the piece is highly prized. Chicken (especially old hens) is also part of the cocido. Two bone pieces (ham bone and beef spine bone) are added to enrich the stock. For some recipes, the final touch is the bola, a meatball-like mix of ground beef, bread crumbs, parsley and other spices, which, it is said,{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} was created as a substitute of the eggs used in the adafaina. On the tableTradition rules that the ingredients of cocido must be served separately. Each serving is known as a vuelco (tipping or emptying out), as at each time the pot must be emptied out to separate the ingredients. The first vuelco is to separate the stock of the cocido and serve it with noodles added. The second vuelco consists of the chickpeas and the vegetables. The third vuelco is the meat dish. LeftoversTraditionally, dishes made with the leftovers of the cocido include Spanish croquetas (croquettes), ropa vieja and pringá. See also
References{{Commons category|Cocido madrileño}}1. ^{{cite book|last1=Daft|first1=Rohan|title=Menu Del Dia: More Than 100 Classic, Authentic Recipes From Across Spain|date=2008|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781416579618|page=74|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ohvX5Wih5EwC&pg=PA74&dq=Cocido+madrile%C3%B1o+sephardic&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwician7yZbbAhXLbRQKHeR2AacQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=Cocido%20madrile%C3%B1o%20sephardic&f=false|accessdate=21 May 2018|language=en}} {{Culture of Madrid Community}}{{Legume dishes}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cocido madrileno}}2. ^http://www.spain-recipes.com/cocido-recipe.html 5 : Culture in Madrid|Cocidos|Chickpea dishes|Spanish soups and stews|National dishes |
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