| 词条 | Albenga |
| 释义 |
| name = Albenga | official_name = Comune di Albenga | native_name = | image_skyline = Albenga.JPG | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_shield = Albenga-Stemma.png | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|44|03|N|8|13|E|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = Liguria | province = Savona (SV) | frazioni = Bastia, Campochiesa, Leca, Lusignano, Salea, San Fedele | mayor = Giorgio Cangiano | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 36.51 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 24378 | population_as_of = 31 December 2010 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Ingauni or Albenganesi | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 5 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = Saint Michael the Archangel | day = 29 September | postal_code = 17031 | area_code = 0182 | website = {{official website|http://www.comune.albenga.sv.it}} | footnotes = }} Albenga ({{lang-lij|Arbenga}}[1]; {{lang-la|Albingaunum}}) is a city and comune situated on the Gulf of Genoa on the Italian Riviera in the Province of Savona in Liguria, northern Italy. Albenga has the nickname of city of a hundred spires. The economy is mostly based on tourism, local commerce and agriculture. Albenga has six hamlets: San Fedele, Lusignano, Campochiesa, Leca, Bastia, Salea. HistoryA settlement of pre-Roman origins on the west side of the Ligurian coast, it was founded around the 4th century BC on the slopes of the coastal hills, becoming the capital of the Ingauni Ligures tribe, who dedicated themselves to marine activities and controlled a large territory between Finale and Sanremo. During the Second Punic War the city allied itself with the Carthaginians, but was defeated by the Romans under proconsul Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus in 181 BC. The following year the Romans and the Ingauni signed a foedus (alliance agreement) which began the total Romanization of the whole region. Put under Latin rights in 89 BC, Albingaunum was granted Roman citizenship in 45 BC under Julius Caesar, starting to enjoy, with the beginning of the Empire, a period of prosperity. A further boost for the city came from the building of the Via Julia Augusta (13 BC), connecting it to southern France and Spain. In the meantime the intense exploitation of the flat land around the city continued; an inscription records the restoration of the walls, forum, and harbor, by Constantius in A.D. 354.[2] During the 5th century, the city suffered from raids by the Visigoths, who partly destroyed and sacked it. The old Municipium, which now in a disastrous conditions, was rebuilt through the intervention of emperor Constantius III who gave the city stability and a defensive structure that allowed it to survive through the following centuries. Albenga established itself as a commune in 1098; in that same year it took part in the First Crusade with vessels, men and money, receiving rights of free trade by the King of Jerusalem. From that time on, the Golden Red Cross coat of arms was displayed on its ships and on its towers. Later, after the invasion of northern Italy by emperor Frederick Barbarossa, the city supported him thanks to its Ghibelline allegiance, which was never abandoned during the following centuries. In 1159 it received imperial investiture for all its territory. In 1798 Albenga was declared capital of the Centa Jurisdiction, as part of the short living constitution of the Ligurian Republic. In 1815 the city, together with the whole of Liguria, was assigned to the Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia, becoming the capital of a province including Andora and Finale Ligure. In 1863, after the unification of Italy, the province was reduced to a district, and was abolished completely in 1927. At the time Albenga had been reduced to an agricultural village, overtaken by other coastal towns in both economic and demographic development, owing to their superior touristic appeal. The nameThe name of Albenga comes from the Latin Albíngaunum that comes from Album Ingaunum, that is means the capital city + genitive plural in -um. The ethnonym Ingauni ing consists of Indo-European origin, and a name of Gaulish-ligurian land. Album comes from alb o alp an ancient pre-Indo-European (rock, hill), often erroneously assocciata to "album" a Latin word meaning white or clear. The first name was Album Ingaunum, but when it was conquered by the Romans, the name became Albingaunum; after the Roman Empire the name became Albinauno and near the 1000 became Albingano. Only in the 14th century did the name become Albenga. GeographyAlbenga is located in the west Riviera. It has a homonymous plain at the mouth of the river Centa, which over the centuries has been the architect of the Albenga's plain, remodeling the ground several times and forcing the Albenganesi to adopt embankments and bridges since its foundation. Until the 17th century, it based its economy on maritime trade, as the city was built on the delta of the Centa and was surrounded by walls and bridges. With the closure of other roads estuary delta, which occurred first at the hands of the Genoese and later as the work of nature, now the river runs along the center flowing to the estuary. Even the memory of the old bridges was deleting itself. It is the main center of the district Albenganese, which extends from Finale to Andora and its hinterland. It includes the nature reserve of island Gallinara, where apparently lived St. Martin of Tours. Just dedicated to this saint was a monastery on the island. After 1064 it became the possession of the abbey of Abbadia Alpina. ClimateThe climate is mild along the coast, with mild winters and both hot and cold summers, rarely mitigated by the sea breeze. The inner part of the plain has more continental characteristics, which create a greater temperature range, with harsher winters and summers. {{Weather box|location = Albenga (1961–1990, extremes 1953–present)|metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 22.0 |Feb record high C = 24.6 |Mar record high C = 24.0 |Apr record high C = 28.0 |May record high C = 32.5 |Jun record high C = 35.0 |Jul record high C = 37.1 |Aug record high C = 37.0 |Sep record high C = 33.8 |Oct record high C = 29.3 |Nov record high C = 25.0 |Dec record high C = 22.0 |year record high C = 37.1 |Jan high C = 11.7 |Feb high C = 12.4 |Mar high C = 14.6 |Apr high C = 17.4 |May high C = 21.2 |Jun high C = 25.0 |Jul high C = 28.7 |Aug high C = 28.5 |Sep high C = 25.3 |Oct high C = 21.1 |Nov high C = 15.7 |Dec high C = 12.7 |year high C = 19.5 |Jan low C = 0.5 |Feb low C = 1.3 |Mar low C = 3.2 |Apr low C = 6.2 |May low C = 9.8 |Jun low C = 13.3 |Jul low C = 15.9 |Aug low C = 15.7 |Sep low C = 13.1 |Oct low C = 9.1 |Nov low C = 4.4 |Dec low C = 1.4 |year low C = 7.8 |Jan record low C = -12.4 |Feb record low C = -11.0 |Mar record low C = -8.0 |Apr record low C = -3.0 |May record low C = -1.0 |Jun record low C = 4.0 |Jul record low C = 6.6 |Aug record low C = 6.2 |Sep record low C = 3.7 |Oct record low C = -1.8 |Nov record low C = -6.6 |Dec record low C = -8.6 |year record low C = -12.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 101.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 89.7 |Mar precipitation mm = 90.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 81.6 |May precipitation mm = 76.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 38.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 21.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 43.3 |Sep precipitation mm = 55.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 105.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 96.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 78.9 |year precipitation mm = 878.2 |Jan humidity = 73 |Feb humidity = 73 |Mar humidity = 72 |Apr humidity = 79 |May humidity = 79 |Jun humidity = 79 |Jul humidity = 77 |Aug humidity = 77 |Sep humidity = 78 |Oct humidity = 78 |Nov humidity = 75 |Dec humidity = 76 |year humidity = 76 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 6.2 |Feb precipitation days = 5.2 |Mar precipitation days = 6.1 |Apr precipitation days = 6.6 |May precipitation days = 6.5 |Jun precipitation days = 4.0 |Jul precipitation days = 2.8 |Aug precipitation days = 3.8 |Sep precipitation days = 4.4 |Oct precipitation days = 6.4 |Nov precipitation days = 6.3 |Dec precipitation days = 5.0 |year precipitation days = 63.3 |source 1 = Servizio Meteorologico[3][4] |date=March 2015 }} Main sightsBuilt on the ancient orthogonal structure that had the current "Via Medaglie d'oro" and "Via Enrico d'Aste" respectively as the Roman camp main road axes (cardo and decumanus), the town has its planimetric hub in the historical San Michele Square. Around it some palaces were built, which were historically the seats of political and religious authorities. Cathedral of St Michael Archangel{{main|Albenga Cathedral}}Built on the basic structures of the early Christian basilica put up by orders of Constantius III between the 4th and 5th century, it has a façade with traces of the transformation from Romanesque to Gothic. From this same period are the two lateral portals of the main facade and a third one the left side of the church, that hosts a restored Lombard bas-relief; the central portal dates from 1669. The current design is the result of further elevations. The restoration works between 1964 and 1967 brought back the cathedral design to its original medieval aspect. The nearby steeple was attached to the church in the 13th century, built over the ruins of the old bell tower between the years 1391 and 1395. This construction is one of the last local examples of the use of bare bricks, progressively replaced by plastering. Albenga BaptisteryThe baptistery is located to the side of the Cathedral, as it was typical of the early Christian structures, and can be visited from the Loggia of the old City Hall Palace. It has an octagonal interior dating to the 5th century. The current appearance dates from a late 19th-century restoration work, carried on by Alfredo D'Andrade. During those works, the original basin vaulted roof, built with the Byzantine-Ravennate technique of the "tubi fittili" (terracotta tubes), was completely destroyed. The mosaic decorations of the vault of the presbytery go back to the 5th and 6th centuries. Old city Hall PalaceDating back to the early 14th century, it has undergone several renovations over the years before receiving its present appearance. It housed the Council Hall (the big bell still calls the citizens when the council committee meets in the new town hall) and the jail. The lower floor dates from the 14th century, while the upper one was reconstructed in 1387–1391. The façade towards the baptistery has Ghibelline-style merlons with two large staircases. Since 1933, it houses the Ingauni Museum. The latter, established in 1933 by Nino Lamboglia, collects objects and medieval Roman (sculptures, inscriptions, sarcophagi and 15th-century frescoes), archaeological and epigraphic collections. Old Bishop's PalaceLocated near the baptistery, it dates from the 11th century, with a 13th-century portal. It is the seat of the local bishop and houses the Holy Art Museum. The wing leading to the baptistery show several construction phases from the 13th and 14th centuries. The decoration with black and white stripes was added in 1463 under bishop Napoleone Fieschi. The heraldic fresco is by Giovanni Canavesio (1477). The Diocesan Museum of Albenga occupies a series of rooms decorated with frescoes, it houses works of art and findings from the excavation of the cathedral. Among the paintings stand out a St. John attributed to Caravaggio and The Martyrdom of Saint Catherine by Guido Reni. Ancient remainsRestructured by Emperor Augustus in 13 BC, the Via Julia Augusta was the most important communication link in the Riviera up until the construction of the Napoleonic road closer to the sea, the current site of the Via Aurelia. Its path, with plenty of Roman buildings destined to funerary celebrations, makes an archaeological walk beautiful also from a panoramic an naturalistic point of view. Albenga is also home to the remains of a Roman amphitheatre dating from the 3rd century BC. It represents the only example of theatrical construction known on the entire Western Riviera. Placed a short distance away from the Amphitheatre and from the Via Julia Augusta, is the so-called Pilone, standing over the eastern slope of the Mount. This is the most renowned and characteristic Ingaunian funeral monument. Also in the mount area is the Palaeo-Christian Basilica of S. Calocero (4th–5th century). It was built on the latter martyr's tomb. Other sightsOther sights include:
TourismBesides being an important historical town, Albenga is a coastal and touristic resort town of the Riviera Ligure. Its coasts has a length of some 4 km of fine sand mixed with pebbles, with bathing establishments, divided in small public beaches and other managed and fully equipped. The sea promenade is 3 km long. The Gallinara island is less than one naval mile from Albenga. EducationsAlbenga is home to the following secondary schools:
The Higher Institute of Religious Studies (often abbreviated ISSR) is a university that promotes the study and scientific research on religion. CulinaryLocal delicacies include:
Drinks include:
Main Events
Notable residents
Transport and InfrastructureRoadsTo pass the Albenga Via Aurelia, which connects Rome with France. This road once passed through the city center alongside the old town of Albenga in years 1960 was built a variant of which exceeded the entire city that was liberated from the traffic of those who were obliged to pass through the town Albenga. This modern track has linked the two sides quickly Albenga divided by the river Centa. The city is the crossroads of main roads, built over the past centuries, which connect with the nearby Piedmont, as evidenced by names such as street to Piedmont. There are 5 roads in the world that bear the name of ALBENGA: four are in North America and one in the Southern Hemisphere, it is Albenga Avenue Coral Gables, Florida; Albenga Road Northwest to Palm Bay, Florida; Southwest Albenga Avenue Port Saint Lucie, Florida; Albenga Lane in North Port, Florida and Albenga Place to Secret Harbor, Western Australia. HighwayAlbenga is accessible via the A10 Highway from its own. Since 1969 started the process of a project for a road that can unite the plain directly and quickly with its hinterland, with the Val Bormida, then the A6 Highway and the Piedmont, then go to England and connect with the A26 Highway, this project will form the Highway Predosa-Albenga, in 2010 has been kicked off for the final design. RailwayAlbenga has its own railway station, located on the line Genoa-Ventimiglia. The station was opened in 1872, but the current passenger building, designed by Roberto Narducci, dates back to 1930. The existing railway line, for long stretches of single track, will be replaced by a new double track line, located further upstream, the new project includes a large station in the village of Bastia. AirportIn the nearby town of Villanova d'Albenga is the Airport International "C. Panero", which opened in 1922. In this space there is also the barracks of the 15 º Helicopters core of Carabinieri. Twin towns
References1. ^{{cite book|title=Dizionario Genovese-Italiano e Italiano-Genovese|place=Genoa|last=Frisoni|first=Gaetano|authorlink=:it:Gaetano Frisoni|year=1910|publisher=Nuova Editrice Genovese|language=it}} 2. ^{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Albenga|volume=1|page=493|short=y}} 3. ^{{cite web| url = http://clima.meteoam.it/web_clima_sysman/Clino6190/CLINO122.txt| title = STAZIONE 122 Albenga: medie mensili periodo 61 - 90 | publisher = Servizio Meteorologico| accessdate = 6 March 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web| url = http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/albenga-villanova/| title = Albenga Villanova: Record mensili dal 1953| publisher = Servizio Meteorologico dell’Aeronautica Militare| language = Italian| accessdate = 6 March 2015}} 5. ^Rassegna del Vino Pigato 6. ^Apple House Party Official Site External links{{Commons category|Albenga}}{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Province of Savona}} 4 : Roman sites of Liguria|Italian Riviera|Cities and towns in Liguria|Towers in Italy |
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