| 词条 | Comics journalism |
| 释义 |
Comics journalism, or Graphic journalism, is a form of journalism that covers news or non-fiction events using the framework of comics – a combination of words and drawn images. Although visual narrative storytelling has existed for thousands of years, the use of the comics medium to cover real-life events for news organizations, publications or publishers (in graphic novel format) is currently at an all-time peak. Historically, pictorial representation (typically engravings) of news events were commonly used before the proliferation of photography in publications such as The Illustrated London News and Harper's Magazine. More recent writers/journalists and illustrators have attempted to increase validity of the genre by bringing journalism to the field in more direct ways. This includes coverage of foreign and local affairs where word balloons are actual quotes and sources are actual people featured in each story. Many of these works are featured online[1][2] and in collaboration with established publications as well as small press.[3] HistoryAntecents to comics journalism included printmakers like Currier and Ives and George Luks, who illustrated American Civil War battles; and political cartoonists like Thomas Nast.[4] The political magazine The New Masses sent cartoonists to cover strikes and labor battles, but they were restricted to single panel cartoons.[4] In the 1950s and '60s, Harvey Kurtzman did a number of true comics journalism pieces for magazines like Esquire and TV Guide.[4] In 1965, Robert Crumb — later a key founder of the underground comix movement — produced "Bulgaria: A Sketchbook Report" for Kurtzman's Help!, a tongue-in-cheek journalistic overview of the socialist country of Bulgaria, based on his own travels there.[4] Crumb had done an earlier, similar "sketchbook report" on Harlem, which was also published in Help![5] Kurtzman also hired Jack Davis and Arnold Roth to do light-hearted journalistic comics for Help![4] Editor/cartoonist Leonard Rifas' two-issue series Corporate Crime Comics (Kitchen Sink Press, 1977, 1979) was an early example of comics reportage,[4] with a number of notable contributors, including Greg Irons, Trina Robbins, Harry Driggs, Guy Colwell, Kim Deitch, Justin Green, Jay Kinney, Denis Kitchen, and Larry Gonick. Joe Sacco is widely considered to be one of the pioneers of the form,[6][7] starting with his 1991 series Palestine.[4]As "comics editor" of Details magazine in the mid-1990s Art Spiegelman, modeling himself after Kurtzman, assigned comics journalist pieces to cartoonists like Kim Deitch, Jaime Hernandez, and Sacco.[4] Some of the first known magazines focused specifically on comics journalism include Mamma!, a magazine of comics journalism printed in Italy since 2009 and produced by a group of authors; and Symbolia, a digital magazine of comics journalism for tablet computers. Since 2014, Jen Sorensen has been editing the "Graphic Culture" section of Fusion, while Matt Bors has edited online comics collection The Nib,[8] both of which publish comics journalism pieces. In May 2016, The New York Times featured comics journalism for the first time with "Inside Death Row",[9] by Patrick Chappatte (with Anne-Frédérique Widmann), a five-part series about death penalty in the USA. In 2017, it published "Welcome to the New World" [10]by Jake Halpern and Michael Sloan, chronicling a Syrian refugee family settling in the United States. The series ran in the print Sunday Review from January to September 2017 and won the Pulitzer price for Editorial Cartooning in 2018. TechniquesAs with traditional journalism, there are no rules per se about comics journalism, and there are a wide variety of practices. Joe Sacco is a trained journalist who extensively documents his subjects and spends years crafting his stories.[11] Among the techniques he uses to protect his subjects — who are often survivors of conflict zones in the Middle East and the former Yugoslavia — are to change their names and use his art to anonymize their faces.[11] Austrian graduate student Lukas Plank created a comic, "Drawn Truth: Transparency in Journalist Comics," based on his research into the field, that outlines some potential "best practices" for comics journalists.[12] Comics journalists{{colbegin}}
Magazines of comics journalism
See also
References1. ^Holliday, Darryl and Rodriguez, Erik: The Illustrated Press 2. ^Macnaughton, Wendy. "Meanwhile, The San Francisco Public Library," TheRumpus.net (May 13, 2011). 3. ^Kramer, Josh "The Cartoon Picayune". 4. ^Crumb, Robert. "Bulgaria: A Sketchbook Report," Help! #25 (July 1965). Archived at Transverse Alchemy. Accessed April 3, 2019. 5. ^Crumb, Robert. "Harlem: A Sketchbook Report," Help! #22 (Jan. 1965). 6. ^Nalvic. "A Quick Guide to Comic Journalism". Nalvic's Reviews (June 12, 2012). 7. ^Crumm, David (June 29, 2012). "Joe Sacco nails down comic credentials in Journalism: Sacco contributes to new global language" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713142725/http://www.readthespirit.com/explore/2012/6/29/joe-sacco-nails-down-comic-credentials-in-journalism.html |date=2012-07-13 }}. Read the Spirit. 8. ^{{Cite web|url = https://medium.com/tag/nib-longform|title = The Nib (Long form pieces)|date = |access-date = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }} 9. ^{{Cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com|title = Inside Death Row |date= May 2016 |access-date = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }} 10. ^{{Cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/10/26/opinion/sunday/welcome-to-the-new-world.html|title = Welcome to the New World |date=September 2017 |access-date = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }} 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Mackay, Brad. ""Behind the rise of investigative cartooning," THIS Magazine (Jan. 2008). [https://adastracomix.com/2016/04/07/comics-journalism-a-guest-post-by-brad-mackay/ Archived at Ad Astra Comix]. 12. ^Plank, Lukas. "Drawn Truth," Drawn Truth Tumblr. Accessed April 3, 2019. 13. ^{{Cite web|url = https://firstlook.media/news/2016/02/10/matt-bors-brings-the-nib-to-first-look-media.html|title = First Look Media|date = |access-date = February 15, 2016|website = |publisher = |last = |first = }} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://web.giornalismi.info/mamma/articoli/art_7655.html|title=Focus sulla rivista Mamma! La nuova frontiera del giornalismo a fumetti|last=|first=|date=30 October 2010|website=|publisher="Il nuovo Corriere di Lucca e Versilia"|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.larevuedessinee.fr/qui-sommes-nous/presentation/|title=La Revue Dessinée, c'est quoi ?|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=31 July 2018}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.poynter.org/news/symbolia-digital-magazine-draws-readers-illustrated-journalism|title=Symbolia digital magazine draws in readers with 'illustrated journalism'|last=|first=|date=3 December 2012|website=Poynter.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} External links
2 : Types of journalism|Comics industry |
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