| 词条 | Common remora |
| 释义 |
| name = Common remora | image = Remora remora.jpg | image_caption = | status = LC | status_system = iucn3.1 | status_ref = [1] | regnum=Animalia | phylum=Chordata | classis=Actinopterygii | ordo=Perciformes | familia=Echeneidae | genus=Remora | species=R. remora | binomial=Remora remora | binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonyms =
}} The common remora (Remora remora) is a pelagic marine fish[2] belonging to family Echeneidae. The dorsal fin, which has 22 to 26 soft rays, acts as a suction cup, creating a vacuum[3] to allow it to attach to larger marine animals, such as whales, dolphins, sharks, and sea turtles.[4] Physical characteristicsThe common remora has a suckerlike dorsal fin and an anal fin. Its body can be brown, black or grey in color.[5] This species can reach {{convert|86.4|cm|in|abbr=on}} in total length, though most do not exceed {{convert|40|cm|in|abbr=on}}.[6] The maximum known weight of this species is {{convert|1.1|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.[6] Biology and behaviorR. remora and its host seem to partake in a symbiotic relationship; the common remora does not seem to have a negative overall effect on its host. The host provides the remora with fast-moving water to bathe its gills, a steady flow of food, transportation, and protection.[7] The remora benefits the host by feeding in part on some of its parasites, but increases its hydrodynamical drag. The common remora's attachment to one host can last for up to three months.[8] During this time, the remora can move its attachment site if it feels threatened.[9] The common remora cannot survive in still water; it needs water flow over its gills to provide it oxygen. HabitatThis remora is commonly found in warm marine waters and have been seen in the western Mediterranean and the Atlantic, as well as the North Sea.[1] ReproductionA mating couple may attach to the same host, and have host fidelity.[10] It is not clear when during the year the common remora spawns, and little is known about the fish's reproductive behavior. Food and dietThe remora consumes food scraps from its host, as well as plankton and parasitic copepods. Significance to humansNo known negative impacts for humans are known. Remoras can be caught as fishing bycatch and put in aquaria.[11] Remoras have been used in fishing. Humans may attach fishing line to the remora and wait for it to cling to a larger fish.[12] Other common names for this familiar fish include suck fish, stout sucking fish, common sucker, shark-sucker, brown sucker, and shark pilot.[1] References1. ^1 2 Curtis, M., et al. 2015. Remora remora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. Downloaded on 18 February 2016. {{Taxonbar|from=Q749460}}{{DEFAULTSORT:remora, common}}2. ^{{Cite web|first=Mark|last=Leao|editor=Kimberly Schulz|title=Remora remora (on-line)|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Remora_remora.html|work=Animal Diversity Web|accessdate=2009-06-02|year=2002}} 3. ^Fishes of the World, 3rd edition. Joseph S. Nelson. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1994. p. 351 4. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1590/S1679-62252006000100014| title = Turtle riders: Remoras on marine turtles in Southwest Atlantic| journal = Neotropical Ichthyology| volume = 4| pages = 123| year = 2006| last1 = Sazima | first1 = I. | last2 = Grossman | first2 = A. }} 5. ^Smith's Sea Fishes, 6th edition. Edited by Margaret M. Smith and Phillip C. Heemstra. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1986. p. 662 6. ^1 {{FishBase species |genus= Remora|species= remora| month = April | year = 2013}} 7. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00849.x| title = Sharksucker (Echeneis naucrates) on a Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops tTruncatus) and a Review of Other Cetacean-Remora Associations| journal = Marine Mammal Science| volume = 15| issue = 3| pages = 859| year = 1999| last1 = Fertl | first1 = D.| last2 = Landry | first2 = A. M.}} 8. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1590/S1679-62252006000400009| title = Fishes associated with spinner dolphins at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, tropical Western Atlantic: An update and overview| journal = Neotropical Ichthyology| volume = 4| issue = 4| pages = 451| year = 2006| last1 = Sazima | first1 = I. | last2 = Sazima | first2 = C. | last3 = Silva-Jr | first3 = J. M. D. }} 9. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S1755267206002016| title = Whalesuckers on spinner dolphins: An underwater view| journal = Marine Biodiversity Records| volume = 1| year = 2009| last1 = Silva-Jr | first1 = J. M. | last2 = Sazima | first2 = I. }} 10. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1590/S1676-06032003000200012| title = Whalesuckers and a spinner dolphin bonded for weeks: Does host fidelity pay off?| journal = Biota Neotropica| volume = 3| issue = 2| pages = 1| year = 2003| last1 = Silva-Jr | first1 = J. M. | last2 = Sazima | first2 = I. }} 11. ^Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Volume 5, Fishes 11, edited by Michael Hutchins, Dennis A. Thoney, Paul V. Loiselle, and Neil Schlager. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2003. p. 216 12. ^Fishes, Ascidians, etc. Vol. 7. Edited by Sir S.F. Harmer and Sir A.E. Shipley. London: McMillan and Co., Limited. 1932. p. 691 3 : Remora|Cosmopolitan fish|Fish described in 1758 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。