| 词条 | Horace W. Babcock |
| 释义 |
|name = Horace W. Babcock |image = |birth_date = {{birth date|1912|9|13}} |birth_place = |death_date = {{death date and age|2003|8|29|1912|9|13}} |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = United States |field = astronomy |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = adaptive optics Babcock Model |influences = |influenced = |prizes = {{no wrap|Henry Draper Medal {{small|(1957)}} Eddington Medal {{small|(1958)}} Bruce Medal {{small|(1969)}} Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society {{small|(1970)}} George Ellery Hale Prize {{small|(1992)}}}} }} Horace Welcome Babcock (September 13, 1912 – August 29, 2003) was an American astronomer. He was the son of Harold D. Babcock. CareerBabcock invented and built a number of astronomical instruments, and in 1953 was the first to propose the idea of adaptive optics.[1][2] He specialized in spectroscopy and the study of magnetic fields of stars. He proposed the Babcock Model, a theory for the magnetism of sunspots. During World War II, he was engaged in radiation work at MIT and Caltech. After the war he began a productive collaboration with his father. His undergraduate studies were at Caltech and his doctorate from University of California, Berkeley.[3] Babcock's doctoral thesis contained one of the earliest indications of dark matter. He reported measurements of the rotation curve for Andromeda which suggested that the mass-to-luminosity ratio increases radially.[4] He, however, attributed it to either absorption of light within the galaxy or modified dynamics in the outer portions of the spiral and not to any form of missing matter. He was director of the Palomar Observatory for Caltech from 1964 to 1978. HonorsAwards
References1. ^Babcock, H.W. (1953) “The possibility of compensating astronomical seeing,” Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 65 (386) : 229–236. Available at: Astrophysics Data System 2. ^{{cite news |title='Adaptive optics' come into focus|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12500626|newspaper=BBC|date=18 February 2011|accessdate=24 June 2013}} 3. ^{{cite book |title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers |last=Hockey |first=Thomas |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Publishing |isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 |accessdate=August 22, 2012 |url=http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/58093.html}} 4. ^Babcock, H, 1939, “The rotation of the Andromeda Nebula”, Lick Observatory bulletin ; no. 498 5. ^{{cite web|title=Henry Draper Medal |url=http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/henry-draper-medal.html |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |accessdate=24 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003930/http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/henry-draper-medal.html |archivedate=26 January 2013 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=14 April 2011}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Past Winners of the Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal|url=http://astrosociety.org/membership/awards/pastbruce.html|publisher=Astronomical Society of the Pacific|accessdate=24 February 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Winners of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society|url=http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/268|publisher=Royal Astronomical Society|accessdate=24 February 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525064844/http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/268|archivedate=25 May 2011|df=}} External links
Obituaries
12 : American astronomers|Scientists from California|1912 births|2003 deaths|California Institute of Technology faculty|Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society|Recipients of awards from the United States National Academy of Sciences|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|California Institute of Technology alumni|University of California, Berkeley alumni|20th-century astronomers|20th-century American scientists |
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