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词条 Horrorcore
释义

  1. Characteristics

  2. History

     Origins  Rise in the hip hop genre 

  3. Notable artists

  4. References

{{Distinguish|Horror punk}}{{Infobox music genre
|name = Horrorcore
|other_names = Death rap
|image =
|caption = Horrorcore group Gravediggaz
|bgcolor = darkblue
|color = white
|stylistic_origins = {{hlist|Hardcore hip hop|gangsta rap|horror fiction/horror film}}
|cultural_origins = 1980s, United States
|derivatives = Memphis rap
|instruments = {{hlist|Rapping|drum machine|turntables|sampler|synthesizer|programming}}
|local_scenes = {{hlist|Detroit, MI|Buffalo, NY}} Sacramento, CA, Houston, TX, Kansas City, MO
|other_topics = {{hlist|Horror punk|death metal|deathrock|rap metal|psychobilly|witch house|shock rock}}
}}

Horrorcore is a subgenre of hip hop music based on horror-themed and often darkly transgressive lyrical content and imagery. Its origins derived from certain hardcore hip hop and gangsta rap artists, such as the Geto Boys, which began to incorporate supernatural, occult, or psychological horror themes into their lyrics and, unlike most gangsta-rap artists, pushed the violent content and imagery in its lyrics beyond the realm of realistic urban violence to the point where the violent lyrics became gruesome, ghoulish, unsettling, or slasher film- or splatter film-esque. While exaggerated violence and the supernatural are common in horrorcore, the genre also frequently presents more realistic yet still disturbing portrayals of mental illness and drug abuse. The term "horrorcore" was popularized by openly horror-influenced hip hop groups such as Flatlinerz and Gravediggaz.

Characteristics

Horrorcore defines a style of hip hop music that focuses primarily on dark, violent, gothic, transgressive, macabre and/or horror-influenced topics that can include death, psychosis, psychological horror, mental illness, satanism, self-harm, cannibalism, mutilation, necrophilia, suicide, murder, torture, rape, drug abuse, and often supernatural or occult themes. The lyrics are often inspired by horror movies and are performed over moody, hardcore beats.[1] According to rapper Mars, "If you take Stephen King or Wes Craven and you throw them on a rap beat, that's who I am."[2] Horrorcore was described by Entertainment Weekly in 1995 as a "blend of hardcore rap and bloodthirsty metal."[3] The lyrical content of horrorcore is sometimes described as being similar to that of death metal, and some have referred to the genre as "death rap".[4] Horrorcore artists often feature dark imagery in their music videos and base musical elements of songs upon horror film scores.[4]

History

Origins

It has been argued that Jimmy Spicer's 1980 single "Adventures of Super Rhyme" was perhaps the first example of anything that resembled horrorcore, due to the segment of the song in which Spicer recounts his experience of meeting Dracula. Following this were groups like Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde, and songs like Dana Dane's "Nightmares," which spun more frightening, imaginative narratives.[5]

Since 1983, Ganxsta N.I.P. has performed horror-themed lyrics that he described as "Psycho Rap", but was not commonly considered to be horrorcore until the term came into mainstream prominence.[6] Ganxsta N.I.P. has written lyrics for other groups, including Geto Boys who are also an influence on the early horrorcore sound.[6]

In 1988, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince released "A Nightmare on My Street", which described an encounter with Freddy Krueger,[5] and the Fat Boys recorded the similarly-themed "Are You Ready for Freddy" for the film The Dream Master and its soundtrack. 1988 is also the year Insane Poetry released his debut single "Twelve Strokes Till Midnight," one of the first examples of music specifically made to be horrorcore.[5]

While Kool Keith later claimed to have "invented horrorcore",[7] the first use of the term appeared on the group KMC's 1991 album Three Men With the Power of Ten.[5] Nonetheless, Kool Keith brought significant attention to horror-influenced hip hop with the 1996 release of his horror and science-fiction-influenced, absurdist, trippy, experimental album Dr. Octagonecologyst.

Rise in the hip hop genre

The Geto Boys' debut album, Making Trouble, contained the dark and violent horror-influenced track "Assassins", which was cited by Joseph Bruce (Violent J of the horrorcore group Insane Clown Posse) in his book Behind The Paint, as the first recorded horrorcore song. He said that the Geto Boys continued to pioneer the style with its second release, Grip It! On That Other Level, with songs such as "Mind of a Lunatic" and "Trigga-Happy Nigga."[8] The Geto Boys' 1991 album, We Can't Be Stopped, was also influential on the horrorcore genre and contained themes of paranoia, depression, and psychological horror, especially in the track "Chuckie," and "Mind Playing Tricks on Me".[9][10]

While rappers in the underground scene continued to release horrorcore music, including Big L,[11] Insane Poetry,[12] and Insane Clown Posse,[5] the mid-90s brought an attempted mainstream crossover of the genre.[5]

In 1994, according to Icons of Hip Hop, horrorcore gained prominence in 1994 with the release of Flatlinerz' U.S.A. (Under Satan's Authority) and Gravediggaz' 6 Feet Deep (released overseas as Niggamortis).[13][14][15][16]

In 1995, an independent horror film called The Fear was released, which included a soundtrack that consisted entirely of horrorcore songs, including Insane Clown Posse's biggest radio hit, "Dead Body Man".[5] 1995 also saw the release of Three 6 Mafia's debut album "Mystic Stylez" which touched on drug use, ritualistic sex, mass murder, torture and Satanism. Bone Thugs-N-Harmony's "E. 1999 Eternal" LP, furthered tales of the occult on songs such as "Mr. Ouija 2", "Mo' Murda", and "East 1999". Tension would soon rise between Bone Thugs and Three 6 over their presumed similarities in style and use of dark imagery.

In 2009, dark music themed website Fangoria named Tech N9ne's 2001 album "Anghellic" as an iconic and influential album to the genre, to the artist, and to hip-hop as a whole.

The genre is not popular with mainstream audiences as a whole; though in some cities like Detroit it is the dominant style of hip-hop and performers such as Insane Clown Posse, Eminem, Tyler, the Creator, Necro, and Twiztid have sold commercially well nationwide.[13] Horrorcore has thrived in Internet culture and sustains an annual super show in Detroit called Wickedstock.[26] Every Halloween since 2003, Horrorcore artists worldwide get together online and release a free compilation titled Devilz Nite.[17] According to the January 2004 BBC documentary Underground USA, the subgenre "has a massive following across the US" and "is spreading to Europe".[18] Rolling Stone in 2007 referred to it as a short-lived trend that generated more shlock than shock.[19]

Notable artists

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • Big L[20]
  • Bizarre[21]
  • Blaze Ya Dead Homie[22][23]
  • Bone Thugs-N-Harmony
  • Brotha Lynch Hung[24]
  • Cage[25][26]
  • D12[27][28]
  • Esham and Natas[13][29]
  • Eminem
  • Evil Pimp[30]
  • Flatlinerz[14][31][32][33]
  • Geto Boys[34]
  • Gravediggaz[13][15]
  • Grave Plott[35]
  • Ho99o9[36]
  • Hopsin[37]
  • Insane Clown Posse[13][53]
  • Insane Poetry[12][13]
  • Jedi Mind Tricks[38]
  • King Gordy[39]
  • Kool Keith[40]
  • Kung Fu Vampire[41]
  • Lo Key[42]
  • Lou the Human[43]
  • Mars[44]
  • Necro[14][45][46][47]
  • Prozak[48]
  • Řezník[49]
  • Rhyme Asylum[50][51][52]
  • Tech N9ne[53]
  • Three 6 Mafia[54][55][56]
  • Twiztid[57]
  • Tyler, the Creator[58]
{{div col end}}
  • X-Raided

References

1. ^Meyer, Frank. (2004-10-28) Frankly Speaking: Halloween Horror-core Hip Hop g4tv. Retrieved 2008-09-14.
2. ^Darcy, Pohland. (May 19, 2005) The dark world Of Horrorcore music {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124055915/http://wcco.com/redlake/2.348830.html |date=2007-11-24 }} WCCO-TV. Accessed November 4, 2007.
3. ^Browne, David. (24 Feb 1995) Fifth anniversary music Entertainment Weekly. Accessed November 4, 2007.
4. ^1 {{cite news |first=Neil |last=Strauss |title=When Rap Meets the Undead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/18/arts/pop-view-when-rap-meets-the-undead.html?sec=&spon= |publisher=The New York Times |date=September 18, 1994 |accessdate=April 25, 2009 }}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url=http://www.laweekly.com/westcoastsound/2013/11/05/the-history-of-horrorcore-rap |title=The History of Horrorcore Rap |author=Chaz Kangas |publisher=LA Weekly |accessdate=April 15, 2014}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://allhiphop.com/2014/09/29/ganxta-nip/|title=AllHipHop » Ganxta NIP: The Psycho Becomes A God Of Horrorcore|work=AllHipHop|accessdate=26 March 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ukhh.com/features/interviews/kool_keith/index.html |title=Kool Keith Interview |accessdate=2008-08-04 |author=Kane |author2=QED |date=July 19, 2007 |publisher=Original UK Hip Hop |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621054450/http://www.ukhh.com/features/interviews/kool_keith/index.html |archivedate=June 21, 2008 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite book |last=Bruce |first=Joseph |authorlink=Violent J |author2=Hobey Echlin |editor=Nathan Fostey |title=ICP: Behind the Paint |date=August 2003 |edition=second |publisher=Psychopathic Records |location=Royal Oak, Michigan |isbn=0-9741846-0-8 |pages=174–185 |chapter=The Dark Carnival }}
9. ^{{cite web|last1=Sciaccotta|first1=J.C.|title=Geto Boys - "Mind Playing Tricks on Me"|url=http://www.popmatters.com/post/132831-geto-boys-mind-playing-tricks-on-me-video/|website=Popmatters.com|publisher=PopMatters|accessdate=11 December 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=#1: Geto Boys "Mind Playing Tricks On Me"|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2010/05/the-25-greatest-rap-a-lot-songs-of-all-time/geto-boys-mind-playing-tricks-on-me|website=Complex.com|publisher=Complex Magazine|accessdate=11 December 2015}}
11. ^{{cite news |title=Fright Night |publisher=Vibe |date=November 2004 |page=74 }}
12. ^1 {{cite web |url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p22385|pure_url=yes}} |title=Biography of Insane Poetry |accessdate=12 November 2008 |last=Cordor |first=Cyril |coauthors= |publisher=Allmusic}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |last1=Hess |first1=Danielle |editor=Hess, Mickey |title=Icons of Hip Hop |year=2007 |origyear= |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |location= |language= |isbn=0-313-33903-1 |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=369 |pages= |chapter=Hip Hop and Horror }}
14. ^1 2 Passantino, Dom. (07 Jan 2005) Top ten Hip-Hop gimmicks of all time Stylus Magazine. Accessed November 4, 2007.
15. ^1 Fernando Jr., S.H. (September 18, 2007) [https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/gravediggaz/albums/album/116200/review/6209945/the_pick_the_sickle__the_shovel The Pick, The Sickle & The Shovel] Rolling Stone Accessed November 4, 2007. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20070626130308/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/gravediggaz/albums/album/116200/review/6209945/the_pick_the_sickle__the_shovel archived]
16. ^Gravediggaz star loses cancer battle. NME (16 July 2001) Accessed November 4, 2007.
17. ^http://kikaxemusic.com/reviews/album-reviews/item/193-examining-the-annual-devilz-nite {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713150616/http://kikaxemusic.com/reviews/album-reviews/item/193-examining-the-annual-devilz-nite |date=July 13, 2011 }}
18. ^1 Underground USA {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025201229/http://www.bbc.co.uk/1xtra/tx/documentaries/underground_usa.shtml |date=2010-10-25 }} BBC. Accessed November 4, 2007
19. ^Fernando Jr., S.H. (September 18, 2007) [https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/gravediggaz/albums/album/116200/review/6209945/the_pick_the_sickle__the_shovel The Pick, the Sickle & the Shovel] Rolling Stone Accessed November 4, 2007.
20. ^Danish paginis el, Jamila (April 1995). "Uptown Renaissance: Big L". The Source (67): 36. ISSN 1063-2085.
21. ^{{cite news |title=Bizarre, King Gordy Form Last American Rock Stars, Drop LARS |url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2017/10/bizarre-d12-king-gordy-last-american-rockstars-lars-video/ |accessdate=10 June 2018 |work=XXL |date=13 October 2017 |quote=Gordy shares a similar sentiment, saying he and Bizarre came together to inject the rap game with some much-needed zaniness. “Me and Bizzy came together because we are the last of a dying breed," Gordy tells us. "Nobody is having fun anymore. It's all about stunting and having money. Well we don't give a fuck about that. We ain't rappers.. we are the Last American Rock Stars!!!! On the Foul World mixtape expect a very disturbing version of Hip Hop. We intended to take Horrorcore to a whole new Level!”}}
22. ^Detroit's scariest Rap music  /
23. ^{{cite web |url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p489134|pure_url=yes}} |title=Blaze Ya Dead Homie > Biography |accessdate=2008-07-14 |last=Cordor |first=Cyril |coauthors= |date= |work= |publisher=Allmusic}}
24. ^Macias, Chris. (December 5, 2006). The king of gore, Brotha Lynch reigns over local hip-hop movement {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217101617/http://www.sacbee.com/122/story/87439.html |date=2007-12-17 }} The Sacramento Bee. Accessed November 29, 2007.
25. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.spin.com/2007/12/shia-labeouf-horror-core-mc/ |title= Shia LaBeouf: Horror-Core MC? Transformers star hopes to play indie rapper Cage in biopic |accessdate=2008-06-27 |last=Faraone |first=Chris |date=November 30, 2007 |work= |publisher=Spin}}
26. ^{{cite news |first=James |last=Montgomery |title=Shia LaBeouf-Directed Video Puts Cage's Dark Hip-Hop On The Map |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1611606/20090518/cage_rap_.jhtml |publisher=MTV News |date=May 18, 2009 |accessdate=May 26, 2009 }}
27. ^{{cite news |first=Mosi |last=Reeves |title=World Famous |url=http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/2004-07-08/music/world-famous/ |publisher=New Times Broward-Palm Beach |date=July 8, 2004 |accessdate=31 March 2009 }}
28. ^{{cite book |last=Cohen |first=Sara |title=Decline, Renewal and the City in Popular Music Culture: Beyond The Beatles |year=2007 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=0-7546-3243-1 |page=52 |quote=The music journalist and author Dan Sicko describes certain strains of Detroit hip-hop as 'an extreme, almost parodied' version of inner city life, which he links to the extremities of urban decline in the city: 'both the horrorcore of hip-hop outfits such as Insane Clown Posse, Esham and (to a lesser extent) the multi-platinum-selling Eminem, utilize shocking (and blatantly over the top) narratives to give an over-exaggerated, almost cartoon-like version of urban deprivation in Detroit' (cited in Cohen and Strachan, 2005).}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/2006_02_nofworld.html |title=Review of N of Tha World |accessdate=2008-08-04 |last=Hernandez |first=Pedro |publisher=Rap Reviews}}
30. ^http://www.murderdog.com/april_2009/old/evil_pimp.html{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
31. ^{{cite book |title=Is Hip Hop Dead?: The Past, Present, and Future of America's Most Wanted Music |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |author=Mickey Hess |year=2007 |quote=Alice Cooper's horror-movie imagery may have inspired the hip hop genre known as horrorcore, in which artists like Ganxsta N.I.P., Gravediggaz, and The Flatlinerz imbue their lyrics with stories of horrific torture and murder. |isbn=0275994619}}
32. ^{{cite book |title=The Rough Guide to Hip-Hop |author=Peter Shapiro |publisher=Rough Guides |year=2005 |quote=He calls his black-metal schtick "acid rap" and his splatter patter has influenced everyone from horrorcore artists the Flatlinerz to Motown neighbours Kid Rock, Insane Clown Posse, Kottonmouth Kingz and Eminem |isbn=9781843532637}}
33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/music/the-story-behind-def-jams-worst-selling-and-most-misunderstood-album-ever-6645420 |title=The Story Behind Def Jam's Worst-Selling, and Most Misunderstood, Album Ever |publisher=Village Voice}} (31 October 2014)
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.30338/title.ganxsta-nip-discusses-writing-the-geto-boys-chuckie-being-god-of-horrorcore-rap|title=Ganxsta Nip Discusses Writing The Geto Boys' "Chuckie," Being "God Of Horrorcore Rap"|first=sHipHopDX -|last=http://hiphopdx.com|publisher=|accessdate=24 November 2016}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/2008_07_graveplott.html|title=Grave Plott :: The Plott Thickens :: Strange Music|publisher=|accessdate=24 November 2016}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/ho99o9-is-bringing-its-punk-rap-revolution-to-la-5447751|title=Ho99o9 Is Bringing Its Punk-Rap Revolution to L.A.|first=Peter|last=Holslin|date=24 March 2015|publisher=|accessdate=23 September 2018}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2013/08/the_history_of_horrorcore.php?page=2|title=Horrorcore: From Esham to Hopsin, a look at the history of rap's most terrifying subgenre|author=Noah Hubbell|work=Westword|accessdate=26 March 2015}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/vice-exclusive-watch-jedi-mind-tricks-new-video|title=VICE Exclusive: Watch Jedi Mind Tricks' Deranged New Video for 'Deathless Light'|date=5 May 2015|publisher=|accessdate=23 September 2018}}
39. ^Righi, Len. (9 April 2007) King Gordy keeps up lighting up the dark Pop Matters. Accessed November 4, 2007.
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2013/08/the_history_of_horrorcore.php|title=Horrorcore: From Esham to Hopsin, a look at the history of rap's most terrifying subgenre|author=Noah Hubbell|work=Westword|accessdate=26 March 2015}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prlog.org/11021446-hit-horrorcore-rapper-kung-fu-vampire-to-guest-on-the-jimmy-star-show-radio-show-october-27-2010.html|title=Hit Horrorcore Rapper Kung Fu Vampire to Guest on The Jimmy Star Show Radio Show October 27 2010|author=The Jimmy Star Show - Cool Radio|publisher=|accessdate=26 March 2015}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.faygoluvers.net/v5/2014/08/king-gordy-and-lo-key-feuding-on-social-media/|title=King Gordy and Lo Key feuding on Social Media - Faygoluvers|website=www.faygoluvers.net|accessdate=23 September 2018}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://pigeonsandplanes.com/discover/2017/04/lou-the-human-interview-daily-discovery|title=Lou The Human Is a Rebellious NYC Rapper Making Raw, Twisted Hip-Hop|publisher=|accessdate=23 September 2018}}
44. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/09/23/BAF619QQT5.DTL&type=printable| title=Bay Area suspect allegedly bludgeoned victims |publisher=San Francisco Chronicle | date=September 23, 2009 | first=Demian | last=Bulwa | accessdate = 2009-09-24}}
45. ^1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=bXy2wTEsbCsC&pg=PA369 Hess, Mickey. Icons of Hip Hop: An Encyclopedia of the Movement, Music, and Culture, Volume 2, p. 369. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007] {{ISBN|9780313339042}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.horrorcorenews.net/horrorcore-news-interviews-necro/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226055509/http://www.horrorcorenews.net/horrorcore-news-interviews-necro/ |archivedate=2013-12-26 |df= }}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://necroofficial.blogspot.com/2011/07/lyrical-content-of-horrorcore-is.html|title=NECRO's Official Blog|author=NECRO|publisher=|accessdate=26 March 2015}}
48. ^McKinney, Devin. (2004-09-14) Real horror show The American Prospect. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://kultura.zpravy.idnes.cz/analyza-slavik-01a-/hudba.aspx?c=A131130_100354_hudba_vdr|title=ANALÝZA: Raper Řezník znásilnil Slavíka a rozjel hru o budoucnost|date=30 November 2013|publisher=|accessdate=24 November 2016}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/2013_03_solitaryconfinement.html|title=Rhyme Asylum :: Solitary Confinement :: Rhyme Asylum Records|publisher=|accessdate=24 November 2016}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=https://genius.com/Rhyme-asylum-the-art-of-raw-lyrics|title=Rhyme Asylum – The Art of Raw|publisher=|accessdate=24 November 2016}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=https://genius.com/Rhyme-asylum-for-the-hate-lyrics|title=Rhyme Asylum – For the Hate|publisher=|accessdate=24 November 2016}}
53. ^{{cite news | first=Patrick | last=Varine | title=Album review: 'K.O.D.,' by Tech N9ne' | url=http://www.wickedlocal.com/bellingham/fun/entertainment/x665149474/Album-review-K-O-D-by-Tech-N9ne | publisher=The Country Gazette | date=October 26, 2009 | accessdate=2009-11-21 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108091949/http://www.wickedlocal.com/bellingham/fun/entertainment/x665149474/Album-review-K-O-D-by-Tech-N9ne | archivedate=November 8, 2012 | df= }}
54. ^{{cite DEATH SLIDE FROM OHIO web|url=http://www.vulture.com/2010/03/horrorcore.html|title=10 Horrifying Horrorcore Rappers -- Vulture|author=Sean Fennessey|work=Vulture|accessdate=26 March 2015}}
55. ^{{cite web | url = http://memphismusichalloffame.com/inductee/threesixmafia/ | title = Three 6 Mafia | publisher = Memphis Music Hall of Fame | accessdate = 4 June 2014}}
56. ^{{cite book|last=Utley|first=Ebony A.|title=Rap and Religion: Understanding the Gangsta's God|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNElpxcqg5QC&pg=PT105|date=11 June 2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-37669-6|page=105}}
57. ^{{cite news|title=Twiztid morality and 'horrorcore'|url=http://metrotimes.com/music/twiztid-morality-and-horrorcore-1.1054518|work=Metro Times|date=October 27, 2010|accessdate=7 November 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103022645/http://metrotimes.com/music/twiztid-morality-and-horrorcore-1.1054518|archivedate=3 November 2010|df=}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.avclub.com/horrorcore-is-rap-s-monstrous-creation-that-refuses-to-1819622903|title=Horrorcore is rap's monstrous creation that refuses to die -- The A.V. Club|author=Clayton Purdom|work=The A.V. Club|accessdate=26 April 2018}}
{{Subgenres and fusion genres of hip hop music}}

3 : Hip hop genres|Horrorcore|Dark music genres
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