| 词条 | Corethrellidae |
| 释义 |
| name = Corethrellidae | fossil_range = Cretaceous-Recent, {{fossilrange|110|0}} | image =Corethrella wing veins.svg | image_caption =Wing venation R1 is short | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | subordo = Nematocera | infraordo = Culicomorpha | superfamilia = Culicoidea | familia = Corethrellidae | familia_authority = | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = Corethrella Freeman, 1962[1] Lutzomiops }}{{Wikispecies|Corethrellidae}} The Corethrellidae are a family of biting midges, small flying insects belonging to the order Diptera, that are commonly known to feed on the blood of frogs. The members of the family are sometimes known as "frog-biting midges". The family currently consists of just two genera, totalling around 97 species worldwide. Several fossil species are known. Most extant species are found in the lower latitudes, usually associated around the tropics.[1] They are tiny flies with a wing length of 0.6-2.5 mm. The wing venation is similar to Culicidae (R 4 branched, M 2 branched,Cu 2 branched) with branches of Rs and M nearly parallel. R1 is, however, closer to Sc or almost midway between Sc and R2.They were until 1986 placed as a subfamily of Culicidae. Adult female Corethrella are attracted to the mating calls of male frogs, their chosen host taxa. As obligate external parasites, the midges feed almost exclusively on the blood of these frogs. Because of this, Corethrella follow typical distribution patterns of external parasites and are restricted to only areas with abundant populations of their host frogs. Female midges most likely detect their hosts using a specialized organ called a Johnston's organ, a collection of sensory cells found on the second antenna segment. There is evidence of host specificity and selection of particular biting sites for some species.[1] Corethrella species have been observed sucking blood from individuals of the tree frog genus Hyla. Specifically, the North American tree frog species Hyla avivoca, Hyla cinerea and Hyla gratiosa were recorded as confirmed corethrellid hosts in a 1977 study.[2] A few, select species are known vectors of frog-specific species of the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma. Corethrellid parasitism is thus a recorded cause of trypanosomiasis among host frog populations.[1][3] The family contains members that date to the lower Cretaceous Period some 110 million years ago. At least one species, Corethrella andersoni, has been found in Burmese amber deposits dating from this time.[4] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |author= Art Borkent |title=The Frog-Biting Midges of the World (Corethrellidae: Diptera) |journal=Zootaxa |volume= 1804 |pages=456 pp |accessdate=January 19, 2009 |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/z01804p456f.pdf |isbn=978-1-86977-212-3 |year=2008}} 2. ^{{cite journal |author=S. McKeever |date=1977 |title=Observations of Corethrella feeding on tree frogs (Hyla) |journal=Mosquito News |volume=37 |pages=522–523}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/archives/ivcvm/2000/mckeever/index.php |title= Corethrellidae (Diptera), Vectors of Present and Perhaps Some of the Earliest Anuran Trypanosomes |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |author= Sturgis McKeever & Frank E. French |date= 2000 |publisher= Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University}} 4. ^{{cite journal|author=George O. Poinar & Ryszard Szadziewski |year=2007 |title=Corethrella andersoni (Diptera: Corethrellidae), A new species from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=155–159}} Bibliography
External links
2 : Nematocera families|Culicoidea |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。