| 词条 | Costa Rican Social Security Fund |
| 释义 |
| image = CCSS - Costa Rica.gif | alt = | caption = Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social logo | map = | motto = | predecessor = | successor = | formation = 1 of November of 1941 | extinction = | type = Governmental organization | status = | purpose = Health Services | headquarters = San José, Costa Rica | coords = | language = | leader_title = President | leader_name = Fernando Llorca Castro | key_people = | main_organ = Board of Directors (Junta Directiva)[1] | parent_organization = | affiliations = | budget = | remarks = | name = Costa Rican Social Security Fund | former name = | size = 200px | msize = | malt = | mcaption = | map2 = | abbreviation = | location = | region_served = | membership = | general = | num_staff = | num_volunteers = | website = {{URL|http://www.ccss.sa.cr/index}} }} The Costa Rican Social Security Fund or Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (as it is known in Spanish) is in charge of most of the nation's public health sector. Its role in public health (as the administrator of health institutions) is key in Costa Rica, playing an important part in the state's national health policy making. Its services are available to all citizens and permanent legal residents. This governmental entity's functions encompass both the administrative and functional aspects. Originally, services were carried out at private hospitals but funded by the Costa Rican Social Security Fund. Not until the mid-1960s did the Caja begin constructing its own hospitals staffed by public employees.[2] It has the obligation (as a public institution) to formulate and execute health programs that are both preventive (such as: vaccination, informational, fumigation, etc.) and healing (such as: surgery, radiation therapy, pharmacy, clinical, etc.) in nature.[3] The Costa Rican Social Security Fund is also charged with the administration of the public pension system. Internal OrganizationThe Costa Rican Social Security Fund has a complex internal organization which administers and oversees all of the entity's actions in every aspect of its functions. It is strategically managed and administered by the Board of Directors, Executive Presidency, and six Managements. Additionally, it has a supervising body that oversees the administrative actions taken.[1] Executive PresidencyThe current Executive President is doctor Fernando Llorca Castro.[4] The Executive President also chairs the Board of Directors and is appointed by the government. The Executive President is the highest office any one person can hold within the organization's hierarchy and is charged with the responsibility of executing the Board of Directors' decision. Among other functions, responsibilities, and obligations, the Executive President must coordinate with other government institutions wherever possible or needed. Apart from having state given obligations (which are exposed in the national law) the Board of Directors can assign other corresponding responsibilities. The Executive President is obliged to provide exclusive services to the Costa Rican Social Security Fund; meaning that he or she may not hold any other public office or work independently while serving as Executive President. FundingThe federal government is legally required to assume any and all debt that the Caja amasses. The Caja budget had almost septupled from 1972-1979. By 1982, following economic crisis, the program faced a budget deficit of $26 million, equal to a third of its annual budget. Originally, Caja employees received coverage despite not having a payroll tax for the program. This was ended in 1982, when a 4% payroll tax was instituted. Likewise the payroll tax share paid by non-Caja employers was increased from 6.75% to 9.25%.[6] As of 2006, 76% of the Caja budget came from employee and employer contributions. Services for low-income residents who have their coverage paid by the state are funded by a luxury goods tax.[5] From 1982-1985, the PLN regime constructed 150 new rural health posts and increased training of medical workers, despite International Monetary Fund austerity measures being in effect.[6] In 1995, 36% of public social spending, itself 13% of GDP, went toward health care.[2] Hospitals and clinicsHospitals and clinics under CCSS administration: Alajuela
Cartago
Guanacaste
Heredia
Limón
Puntarenas
Max Teran Vals Quepos San José
References1. ^1 Information in Spanish from official webpage {{Institutions of Costa Rica}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Costa Rican Social Security Fund}}2. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Wealth, Health, and Democracy in East Asia and Latin America|last=McGuire|first=James W.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-521-13934-2|location=New York|pages=65–93|chapter=Costa Rica: A Healthy Democracy}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://portal.ccss.sa.cr/portal/page/portal/Gerencia_Administrativa/Funciones |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-03-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225102233/http://portal.ccss.sa.cr/portal/page/portal/Gerencia_Administrativa/Funciones |archivedate=2010-12-25 |df= }} Functions, Spanish. 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ccss.sa.cr/junta|title=Junta Directiva de la CCSS|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 5. ^Cercone, James, Etoile Pinder, Jose Pacheco Jimenez, and Rodrigo Bricena. "Impact of Health Insurance on Access, Use, and Health Status in Costa Rica." The Impact of Health Insurance in Low-and Middle-Income Countries, edited by Maria-Luisa Escobar, Charles C. Griffin, and R. Paul Shaw, Brookings Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 2010, pp. 89-105. 6. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Lynn M.|date=Spring 1987|title=Health without Wealth? Costa Rica's Health System under Economic Crisis|url=|journal=Journal of Public Health Policy|volume= 8| issue = 1|pages=86–105}} 1 : Institutions of Costa Rica |
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