词条 | Houghton County, Michigan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| county = Houghton County | state = Michigan | seal = Houghton County, Michigan logo.png | founded = 1843 (set off) 1845 (boundaries described) 1846 (organized) 1848 (re-organized)[1] | seat wl = Houghton | largest city = Houghton | area_total_sq_mi = 1502 | area_land_sq_mi = 1009 | area_water_sq_mi = 492 | area percentage = 33% | census yr = 2010 | pop = 36,628 | density_sq_mi = 36 | time zone = Eastern | ex image = File:Houghton County Courthouse 2.jpg | ex image cap = Houghton County Courthouse | district = 1st | named for = Douglass Houghton }} Houghton County is a county in the Upper peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 36,628.[2] The county seat is Houghton.[3] The county was named for geologist and Detroit Mayor Douglass Houghton. Houghton County is part of the Houghton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes Keweenaw County. GeographyAccording to the US Census Bureau, the county has an area of {{convert|1502|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|1009|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|492|sqmi}} (33%) is water.[4] The Portage Lift Bridge crosses Portage Lake, connecting Hancock and Houghton, Michigan, by crossing over Portage Lake, which is part of the river and canal system that spans the peninsula. The Portage Lift Bridge is the world's heaviest and widest double-decked vertical lift bridge. Its center span "lifts" to provide {{convert|100|ft|m}} of clearance for ships. Since rail traffic was discontinued in the Keweenaw, the lower deck accommodates snowmobile traffic in the winter. This is the only land-based link between the Keweenaw Peninsula's north and south sections, making it crucial to local transportation.[5] Major highways
Airport
Adjacent counties
National protected areas
Demographics{{US Census population|1850= 708 |1860= 9234 |1870= 13879 |1880= 22473 |1890= 35389 |1900= 66063 |1910= 88098 |1920= 71930 |1930= 52851 |1940= 47631 |1950= 39771 |1960= 35654 |1970= 34652 |1980= 37872 |1990= 35446 |2000= 36016 |2010= 36628 |estyear=2017 |estimate=36305 |estref=[6] |align-fn=center |footnote=US Decennial Census[7] 1790-1960[8] 1900-1990[9] 1990-2000[10] 2010-2013[2] }} The 2010 United States Census[11] indicates Houghton County had a population of 36,628. This is an increase of 612 people from 2000, a growth of 1.7%. In 2010 there were 14,232 households and 8,093 families in the county. The population density was 36 people per square mile (14/km²). There were 18,635 housing units at an average density of 18 per square mile (7/km²). 94.5% of the population were White, 2.9% Asian, 0.6% Native American, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.2% of some other race and 1.3% of two or more races. 1.1% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). 32.5% were of Finnish, 14.0% German, 9.4% French, 6.2% English and 5.1% Irish ancestry.[12] There were 14,232 households out of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.01.[11] The county population contained 20.6% under the age of 18, 20.6% from 18 to 24, 20.3% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 15% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.1 years. The population was 45.9% female and 54.1% male. The median income for a household in the county was $34,625, and the median income for a family was $48,506. The per capita income for the county was $18,556. About 12.6% of families and 22.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.7% of people under the age of 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. HistoryIn 1843, the Upper Peninsula was divided into Mackinac, Chippewa, Marquette, Schoolcraft, Delta, and Ontonagon Counties.[13] In 1845, Houghton County boundaries were defined, with areas partitioned from Marquette and Ontonagon Counties. The new county was named after Douglass Houghton, the new state's first State Geologist, who extensively explored the Upper Peninsula's mineralogy.[14][15] The original boundaries of Houghton County included the future Keweenaw and Baraga Counties.[16] In 1846, the county was organized into three townships: Eagle Harbor, Houghton, and L'Anse.[17] Keweenaw County was set off from Houghton County in 1861 and Baraga County was set off in 1875.[18] Houghton County's history is heavily marked by immigration. At one of the peaks of its population, the 1910 census had 40.6% of its population of 88,098 as foreign-born, with 89.3% of the population being either foreign-born or having at one or both of their parents as foreign-born. 70.6% of all voters were foreign-born, and only 5.1% of voters were native-born with native parents. This amalgam of immigrants from dozens of countries created a unique culture, especially once population growth stopped, and the county shrank in population to its current numbers. Heavily representative among many ethnicities were the Finnish. The 1910 census listed 13.1% of the residents being Finnish-born (out of the 32.3% total of the residents listed as foreign-born). The 2010 census lists almost the same proportion (32.5%) of the population as having Finnish ancestors.[19] In June 2018, a major flash flood caused sinkholes and washouts in the towns of Chassell, Houghton, Ripley, Lake Linden, and Hubbell.[20] GovernmentHoughton County voters tend to favor Republican Party nominees. Since 1884, the Republican Party has been selected in 76% (26 of 34) of national elections. {{Hidden begin|titlestyle = background:#ccccff; |title = Presidential election results }}
The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions—police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc.—are the responsibility of individual cities and townships. The Houghton County Courthouse "..stood high upon the bluff on Houghton Village facing North and pleasantly overlooking Portage Lake.",{{cn|date=June 2018}} and has been inducted in the US Registry of Historic Districts and Buildings of the Upper Peninsula. Construction began in spring 1886. The building had its first addition to the north wing, the addition of a larger jail wing, in 1910, and that was the only renovation until the jail wing was condemned in 1961. A new jail was built in its present location, adjacent to the original. According to the Mining Gazette, "The materials used with the exception of the facing brick are the product of the Upper Peninsula" (July 25, 1886, p.3). Kathryn Eckert, in her Buildings of Michigan, wrote: "The courthouse is composed of the original structure, a rectangular block from which project central pavilions with parapeted dormers, a four-story tower, and north and west wing additions. The curbed mansard roof, the grouping of windows beneath red sandstone lintels connected by bands that encircle the structure, and the decorative entablature unite the composition. Porches supported with posts and Gothic-arch brackets...The interior is richly finished with wood; red, rich brown, and light yellowish brown floor tiles; ornamental plaster; and oak staircase; and stone fireplaces." (p. 464) The building section that was once the jail wing is now used for office space. Elected officials{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
CommunitiesCities
Villages
Census-designated places
Other unincorporated communities{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
Townships{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.cmich.edu/library/clarke/AccessMaterials/Bibliographies/MichiganLocalHistory/Pages/houghton.aspx |publisher = Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University |title = Bibliography on Houghton County |accessdate = September 12, 2018 }} 2. ^1 {{cite web |title = State & County QuickFacts |url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/26/26061.html |publisher = US Census Bureau |accessdate = August 27, 2013 }} 3. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate = June 7, 2011 |title = Find a County |publisher = National Association of Counties }} 4. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_26.txt |publisher = US Census Bureau |accessdate = September 25, 2014 |date = August 22, 2012 |title = 2010 Census Gazetteer Files }} 5. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.minsocam.org/msa/collectors_corner/vft/mi1.htm |title = Keweenaw Michigan field trip |work = minsocam.org }} 6. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html |title = Population and Housing Unit Estimates |accessdate = June 9, 2017 }} 7. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html |title = US Decennial Census |publisher = US Census Bureau |accessdate = September 25, 2014 }} 8. ^{{cite web |url = http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu |title = Historical Census Browser |publisher = University of Virginia Library |accessdate = September 25, 2014 }} 9. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/mi190090.txt |title = Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990 |publisher = US Census Bureau |accessdate = September 25, 2014 }} 10. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |title = Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000 |publisher = US Census Bureau |accessdate = September 25, 2014 }} 11. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml |title = Census 2010 American Fact Finder |accessdate = July 6, 2013 }} 12. ^{{cite web |url = http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml### |title = American FactFinder |author = Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS) }} 13. ^Sawyer, p. 466 14. ^Sawyer, p. 466 15. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.michigan.gov/documents/libraryofmichigan/LM_2018_NGS_Houghton_620046_7.pdf |title = Houghton County Bibliography |publisher = Library of Michigan }} 16. ^Sawyer, p. 467 17. ^Sawyer, p. 467 18. ^Sawyer, p. 468 19. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html |title = US Decennial Census |publisher = US Census Bureau |accessdate = February 21, 2017 }} 20. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.uppermichiganssource.com/content/news/Floods-devastate-Houghton-business-district-485779171.html |last = Powell |first = Mariah |title = Floods Devastate Houghton Business District |date = June 17, 2018 |work = Upper Michigan's Source |location = Negaunee MI |publisher = WLUC-TV }} 21. ^{{cite web |url = http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS |title = Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections |first = David |last = Leip }} 22. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.houghtoncounty.net/directory.shtml |title = Houghton County Directory |accessdate = September 12, 2018 }}
External links
|Centre = Houghton County, Michigan |North = Keweenaw County |Northeast = Lake Superior |East = Baraga County |South = Iron County |West = Ontonagon County |Northwest = Lake Superior }}{{Houghton County, Michigan}}{{Upper Peninsula of Michigan}}{{Michigan}}{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2018}}{{coord|46.98|-88.65|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-MI_source:UScensus1990}} 5 : Michigan counties|Houghton County, Michigan|Houghton micropolitan area, Michigan|1846 establishments in Michigan|Populated places established in 1846 |
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