“House of Rohan”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The House of Rohan ({{lang-br|Roc'han}}) is a Breton family of viscounts, later dukes and princes in the French nobility, coming from the locality of Rohan in Brittany. Their line descends from the viscounts of Porhoët and is said to trace back to the legendary Conan Meriadoc. Through the Porhoët, the Rohan are related to the Dukes of Brittany, with whom the family intermingled again after its inception. During the Middle-Ages, it was one of the most powerful families in the Duchy of Brittany. They developed ties with the French and English royal houses as well, and played an important role in French and European history.

The only surviving branch of the family is the branch of the Rohan-Rocheforts, Dukes of Montbazon, Dukes of Bouillon and Austrian Princes of Rohan, who migrated in the early 19th century to Austria.^[1]^[2]

Following his marriage (1645) with Marguerite de Rohan, only daughter of Henri II de Rohan, first Duke de Rohan (who died in 1638 with no male heir), Henri Chabot, a descendant of the eldest branch of the House of Chabot, from Poitou, was made Duke of Rohan in 1648 and allowed to use the name Rohan-Chabot instead of his own, thus giving birth to the House of Rohan-Chabot.^[3]^[4]

Origins

The family of Rohan claimed to be descended from first kings of Brittany, and even from the legendary king Conan Meriadoc.^[5]

The Rohans were descended from the Viscounts of Porhoët. According to J.-P. Soubigou, the first known viscount, Guethenoc (fl. 1028), was probably Viscount of Rennes as well and connected to the nobility of the Loire region, but he could have belonged to a Breton line holding estates around Josselin, where he built a castle.^[6]

Guethenoc's son Josselin I († 1074), took part to the Battle of Hastings and conquest of England by William the Conqueror. He was granted lands in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Gloucestershire, and the town of Caerwent. He was the father of Mainguy, Bishop of Vannes, and Odo I, Viscount of Porhoët, Rohan and Guéméné († after 1092), who married Anne of Léon and had several sons: Geoffrey, who inherited the viscounty of Porhoët, and Alain I the Black (1084-1147), Viscount of Rohan and Castelnoec (fl. 1127), who built the castle of Rohan and was the first member of the House of Rohan.^[2]

History

From the 12th century to the 15th century, the Rohans kept securing and increasing their estates through marriages, acquisitions, inheritances, bequests and exchanges. Thus they became rivals of the Dukes of Brittany all through the Middle Ages, according to their interest, sometimes carrying out the most important charges of the Duchy faithfully, sometimes rebelling, as John II of Rohan did in the last years of Breton independence. The "great viscount", then more powerful than ever, controlled nearly 200,000 Bretons on about a fifth of the Breton territory.^[7] The heart of the viscounty of Rohan is made of the rohannais triangle^[8] (the three large fortresses of La Chèze, Josselin and Pontivy) whose center is the village of Rohan, the family's nominal fief whose castle is abandoned in favor of the other three.^[9]

To counter the power of the immense fiefs of the Rohan and Rieux families, which divided the Armorican peninsula into two equal parts, the Breton dukes denied them access to the coasts^[10] and blocked them in the eastern part of the duchy through the fortresses of the Marches of Neustria#Breton March, whose main strongholds were Rennes and Nantes.^[11] The Rohans, then unpopular in a very Breton-tradition environment, were neutralized for the time being, and stroke back only with the French army's direct support during the campaign of 1487 in the French-Breton War, which was marked by internal divisions among the barons of Brittany (Rohan, Rieux, Laval...) who constantly changed sides.^[12] In winter 1487-1488, John II was encircled by the ducal troups: his strongholds of La Chèze, Josselin, Rohan and Pontivy fell one after another in March 1488. The viscount was still coveting the ducal crown for his son but failed. In 1491, the marriage between Anne of Brittany and Charles VIII initiated the annexation of the duchy to the French crown, a union that was permanently ratified in 1532.

The Rohan family married several times into the s'allia plusieurs fois à la Breton ducal family, the last time in 1407.

In the 17th century, members of the Rohan family began to use their genealogy and their power at the French Court to obtain the rank of prince étranger, thus coming second after the princes du sang before all dukes and peers. Their aim was to prove that the former Kings of Brittany effectively ruled and that the Rohans are directly descended from them.

These two assertions were difficult to establish at the time and are not used in the 21st-century historiography.^[14] The Rohans then applied themselves to giving credence to this version through historians such as Dom Morice, but also through favour, forcing and violating history if needed. The Rohans had to force their claims through thanks to forged evidence (a common practice in these aristocratic families in the Ancien Régime).

This operation remained uncertain, the Dukes and peers of France being watchful, and the Rohans secured their position through other means: alliances with other families of princes étrangers exclusively (Lorraine, La Tour d'Auvergne and Condé), elevation of their estates into principalities, legally or not (Guéméné, Soubise, Lordship of Léon), accession to the Bishopric of Strasbourg, giving them the rank of Prince of the Empire, and the use of royal favor and their closeness to the kings (Louis XIV and Madame de Soubise, Louis XV and the Marshal of Soubise, Louis XVI and Madame de Marsan, governess of the Children of France).

In spite of attacks from rival families, the Rohans managed to base their power and impose their historical and genealogical views, which provided them with positions allowing them to secure their power and credit at Court. The greatest closeness to the King was then acquired and could not be questioned any more.

Descent tree

The family of Rohan has a long documented history, with close ties to the Dukes of Brittany.

Descent tree of the main branches

Main family tree of the House of Rohan

The different branches in the House of Rohan

Rohan-Guéméné branch

This branch was descended (c. 1375) from John I (1324-1396), Viscount of Rohan, and his wife Joan of Évreux (a.k.a. Joan of Navarre) (1339-1409).

This branch of Rohan-Guéméné still exists through its junior branch, the Rohan-Rochefort family.

Rohan-Rochefort branch

This family is a junior branch of the Rohan-Guéméné branch through Charles de Rohan-Guémené, a.k.a. Charles de Rohan-Rochefort (1693-1766), who took the title of Prince of Rochefort.

The family of Rohan-Rochefort, who migrated to Austria in the early 19th century is nowadays the last remaining branch of the House of Rohan. It holds the genuine titles of Duke of Montbazon (France 1588), Duke of Bouillon (1816) (Vienna congress), Prince of Rohan, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and Serene Highness (Durchlaucht), confirmed in 1808 by Emperor Francis II for all the members of the family. The head of the family was a hereditary member of the Room of the Lords of Austria.

Rohan-Soubise branch

This family is descended from the Rohan-Guéméné branch in 1630, the estates of Soubise in Poitou and the Parc-Soubise, in Mouchamps (Vendée), coming from the Rohan-Chabot family through an alliance between the two branches.

Charles de Rohan-Soubise, a.k.a. the Marshal of Soubise (1715-1787), Prince of Soubise and Marshal of France, and his daughter Charlotte Godefride Élisabeth de Rohan-Soubise (1737-1760), wife of the Prince of Condé Louis V Joseph de Bourbon-Condé (1736-1818) belonged to this branch of the family.

Since 1717, the head of the family has been styled Duke of Rohan-Rohan. For Hercule Mériadec de Rohan-Soubise (1669-1749), the estate of Frontenay-l'Abattu (département of Deux-Sèvres, Poitou) was erected in 1717 into a pairie-duché called Duchy of Rohan-Rohan to be differentiated from the Rohan-Chabots, Dukes of Rohan.

Rohan-Gié branch

This family is descended from the Rohan-Guéméné branch in 1541. It is named after the town of Gyé-sur-Seine (Aube).

This branch became extinct in 1638 with Henry II of Rohan first Duke of Rohan (1603), who married Marguerite de Béthune (1595-1660), daughter of Maximilien I de Béthune-Sully (1559-1641). His only daughter Marguerite de Rohan (1617-1684) married in 1645 Henri Chabot (1615-1655) and gave birth to the Rohan-Chabot family.

Rohan-Gué-de-l'Isle branch

The Rohan-Gué-de-l’Isle branch is a junior branch said to be descended (c. 1270) from Alan VI (1232-1304), Viscount of Rohan, and his second wife Thomasse of La Roche-Bernard (c. 1245 - after 1304). It is named after the estate of Saint-Étienne-du-Gué-de-l'Isle (Côtes-d'Armor).

Rohan-Polduc branch

Also called Rohan-Pouldu. This little-known branch is a junior branch of the Rohan-Gué-de-l'Isle branch and appeared around 1500. It was named after the estate of Pouldu near Pontivy (nowadays Saint-Jean-Brévelay). Its best-known member is Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc, Magister Magnus of the Knights Hospitaller from 1775 to 1797.

Rohan-Montauban branch

This branch is said to be descended from Josselin of Rohan, son of Alan III, Viscount of Rohan and his second wife Françoise de Corbey around 1185, but its filiation has not been proven. It became extinct around 1494. Named after the estate of Montauban-de-Bretagne near Rennes. Several Seneschals and Marshals of Brittany belonged to this branch.

House of Rohan-Chabot

The House of Rohan-Chabot is the eldest branch of the Chabot family, from Poitou. It is descended from the House of Rohan in female line through the marriage of Marguerite de Rohan (1617-1684) (only daughter and heiress of Henry II, Duke of Rohan) with Henri Chabot (1616-1655), from the eldest branch of the Chabot de Jarnac family, in 1645. Henri Chabot was created Duke of Rohan in 1648 by Louis XIV, and his descendants bear the name Rohan-Chabot.

Portraits

Notable members

Several members of the Rohan-Guéméné family migrated to Sychrov Castle in North Bohemia, Austria, and were naturalized. After this branch became extinct in 1846, the princes of Rohan-Rochefort younger branch inherited the properties in Bohemia but were deprived of them in 1945, following the Beneš decrees. They also inherited the titles Serene Highness, Prince of Rohan, Prince of Guéméné, Prince of Rochefort and Prince of the Holy-Roman-Empire (in Austria until 1919), Duke of Rohan-Rohan, Duke of Montbazon with the Peerage of France attached to it, and Duke of Bouillon.

There were three Grand Almoners of France, eight Knights of the Order of the Holy-Spirit, two Marshals of France, three members of the Académie française in the family.

Clergy

Soldiers

Politicians

Others

Arms

The mascles on the arms of the House of Rohan refer to crystal twinnings, which are large crystals of chiastolite (andalusite) that develop in Ordovician schists. They are almost square-sectioned prisms. These stones, which were called appelées pendant des siècles "mascles", abound in the Salles de Rohan, so much that the Viscounts of Rohan, stricken by their beauty and the likeness with the lozenge, put seven mascles or on their coat of arms; their descendents edded two more in the middle of the 16th century.^[100]

Former arms

Used by Geoffrey of Rohan between 1216 and 1222: gules, seven mascles or, 3, 3, 1.

Modern arms

Used by Henry I of Rohan between 1552 and 1575). The change from the old arms to the modern ones can be explained by the change of the shape of shields from the 14th century: the base is now flat, not pointed, and the empty space is filled by two new mascles.

Motto

Another, apocryphal motto, modelled on that of the House of Coucy, is often attributed to the Rohans: Duc je ne daigne, Roi je ne puis, Prince de Bretaigne, de Rohan je suis (Duke I will not, King I cannot, Prince of Brittany, of Rohan I am) or more often: Roi ne puis, duc ne daigne, Rohan suis (King I cannot, Duke I will not, Rohan I am).^[103] Roland Barthes will use this model in a joke:^[104] Then all writers will say: “Insane I cannot, Sane I will not, neurotic I am.”.

Another motto: Rather dead than soiled (Latin: Potius mori quam foedari) which is the motto of the old Dukes of Brittany, the Rohans having been their heirs presumptive since 1532 and the treaty of perpetual Union between Brittany and France.

Titles

The members of the Rohan family were first styled viscount of Porhoët, the viscount of Rohan and were granted the following titles:

The family's many branches held the titles of Prince de Léon, Prince de Montauban, Prince de Rochefort etc. although none of these titles were genuinely created.^[106]

Estates

See also

Sources

Notes and references

1. ^Fernand de Saint-Simon, Etienne de Séréville, Dictionnaire de la noblesse française, 1975, p. 869.
2. ^¹²Henri Jougla de Morenas Raoul de Warren, Grand Armorial de France, vol. 6, p. 45, read online.
3. ^Fernand de Saint-Simon, Etienne de Séréville, Dictionnaire de la noblesse française, 1975, p. 870.
4. ^Henri Jougla de Morenas, Raoul de Warren, Grand Armorial de France, vol. 2, p. 366 read online.
5. ^=Jean-Yves Copy, ‘’Art, société et politique au temps des ducs de Bretagne’’, Aux Amateurs de livres, 1986, p. 1118.
6. ^J.-P. Soubigou, "Le Léon dans la Bretagne des Xe-XIe siècles", Annales de Bretagne, no 120-4, 2013, p. 14.
7. ^Yvonig Gicquel, Alain IX de Rohan, 1382-1462, Éditions Jean Picollec, 1986, p. 212
8. ^The rohannais triangle corresponds to the Rochefort-Malestroit-Elven triangle of the House of Rieux.
9. ^Yvonig Gicquel Alain IX de Rohan, 1382-1462, Éditions Jean Picollec, 1986, p. 102.
10. ^In the north, the castle of Guingamp which covered Tréguier and Paimpol; the castles of the Léguer valley (Tonquédec castle, Coat-an-Noz castle) which covered Lannion
11. ^Alain Guillerm, Fortifications et marine en Occident, L'Harmattan, 1994, p. 92.
12. ^Nicolas Martin, La France fortifiée : châteaux, villes et places fortes, Nathan, 1990, p. 70.
13. ^Jean-Loup Avril, Mille Bretons : dictionnaire biographique, Les Portes du Large, 2002, p. 387.
14. ^Jean-Paul Soubigou, "Le Léon dans la Bretagne des Xe-XIe siècles", Annales de Bretagne, no 120-4, 2013, p. 14.
15. ^Daughter of Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond (1095- 30/03/1146), Count of Penthièvre and Avaugour, Lord of Guingamp, and Bertha, Duchess of Brittany (c. 1114-1154).
16. ^Daughter of Raoul II of Fougères (?-24/07/1257), Baron of Fougères, Grand Seneschal of Brittany, crusader, and Joan of Dol.
17. ^Daughter of Alan of Vitré, a.k.a. Alan II of Dinan (1155 - before 1197), Lord of Vitré, Southern-Dinan and Bécherel, Seneschal of Brittany, and Clemencia of Fougères (c. 1175-1252).
18. ^Daughter of Odo III of Porhoët (1148-1234), Viscount of Porhoët, and Eleanor of Léon (c. 1165-?).
19. ^Daughter of Josselin of La Roche-Bernard and Mahaut of Montfort (c. 1214-1279), Lady of Montfort(-sur-Meu) and Boutavant.
20. ^Daughter of Thibaut II of Rochefort (c. 1260 – after 1327), Lord of Rochefort, Châteauneuf-d'Ille-et-Vilaine and Assérac, Viscount of Donges, and Anne of Neuville (c. 1265 – after 1327).
21. ^Daughter of Peter V of Rostrenen (c. 1270-1347), Lord of Rostrenen, and Anne du Pont (c. 1280-?).
22. ^Daughter of Harvey VII, Lord of Léon (?-1343), Lord of Noyon-sur-Andelle, and Margaret of Avaugour, Lady of Noyon-sur-Andelle.
23. ^Daughter of Oliver V of Clisson (23/04/1336 in Clisson – 23/04/1407), Lord of Clisson, Viscount of Porhoët, Lord of Blain, Josselin, Belleville, Montaigu, La Garnache, Yerrick and Beauvoir, Baron of Pontchâteau, Grand Constable of France, and Catherine of Montmorency-Laval (c. 1335 – before 1378), Lady of Villemomble.
24. ^Daughter of John IV of Montfort a.k.a. John IV “the Conqueror” of Brittany (1339-09/11/1399 in Nantes), Duke of Brittany, Count of Montfort-l'Amaury and Earl of Richmond, and Joan of Évreux a.k.a. Joan of Navarre (1370-09/07/1437).
25. ^Daughter of Francis of Montfort-Laval a.k.a. Guy XIV of Laval (28/01/1406-02/09/1486 in Châteaubriant), 1st Count of Laval, Viscount of Rennes, Baron of Vitré, Viscount of Rennes, Lord of Châtillon, dAcquigny, Aubigné, Courbeveille, Montfort(-sur-Meu), Gaël, Baron of La Roche-Bernard, Lord of Tinténiac, Bécherel and Romillé, Castellan of La Brétesche, Lord of Lohéac, and La Roche-en-Nort, and Isabella of Montfort a.k.a. Isabelle de Dreux (1411-14/01/1443), Queen of Sicily.
26. ^Son of Louis I of Valois-Orléans (13/03/1372 in Paris – 23/11/1407 in Paris), Duke of Touraine and Orléans, Count of Dreux, and Valentina Visconti (1366-1408 in Blois), Countess of Asti.
27. ^Son of Giles of Montmorency-Laval a.k.a. Gilles I of Laval-Loué (?-06/08/1556), Viscount of Brosse, Lord of Loué, Benais, Montsabert, Marcillé, Le Parvis and Bressuire, Baron of Pontchâteau, and Françoise of Maillé (c. 1493-?), Viscountess of Brosse, Baroness of Pontchâteau, Lady of Maillé, La Rochecorborn, La Haye and La Motte-Sainte-Heraye.
28. ^Son of John III of Rieux (16/06/1377-08/01/1431), Lord of Rieux and Rochefort, Baron of Ancenis, Viscount of Lord of Assérac, Lord then Baron of Malestroit, and Joan of Harcourt (11/09/1399-03/03/1456).
29. ^Son of Charles of Dinan (?-1418), Lord of Montafilant and Châteaubriant, and Joan of Beaumanoir.
30. ^Son of Charles II of Albret (1407-1741), Count of Dreux, and Anne of Armagnac (1402 – before 1473).
31. ^Beatrice of Rohan was betrothed to Gilles de Rais but died in infancy.
32. ^Daughter of Antoine I of Lorraine the Victorious (1396-22/03/1458), Count of Vaudémont and Duke of Guise, Lord of Joinville, and Marie of Harcourt (1398-1476).
33. ^Daughter of Francis of Montfort a.k.a. Francis I of Brittany (11/05/1414 in Vannes – 18/07/1450 in Vannes), Duke of Brittany, Count of Montfort-l'Amaury, and Isabella Stuart a.k.a. (c. 1426-1494).
34. ^Son of Charles of Valois a.k.a. Charles II “the Magnanimous” of Alençon (1297-26/08/1346), Count of Chartres, Perche and Alençon, et de María de La Cerda (1310-13/03/1379).
35. ^Son of Ingelger I of Amboise (?-1373), Lord of Amboise and Berrie, and Isabella of Thouars, Countess of Dreux and Benon.
36. ^Daughter of John of Châteaubriant (? – after 1380), Lord of Portric and La Marousière, and Marie of Montrelais.
37. ^Daughter of Philip III of Évreux a.k.a. Philip III of Navarre (27/03/1306-16/09/1343), Count of Évreux, King of Navarre, and Joan of France a.k.a. Jeanne II de Navarre (18/01/1311-06/10/1349), Queen of Navarre.
38. ^Daughter of John of Montauban (1412-1466), Admiral of France, and Anne of Keranrais.
39. ^Daughter of Francis I of Rieux (11/08/1418-20/11/1458), Lord of Rieux and Rochefort, Baron of Malestroit, Count of Harcourt, Lord of Assérac, Viscount of Donges, Councillor and Chamberlain of Francis I of Brittany, Knight of the Order of the Ermine, Chamberlain of the Dauphin Louis XI, and Joanna of Rohan (1415 – after 1459) (cited in the tree).
40. ^Son of John VIII of Maure (?-1529), Lord of Maure, and Marie du Plessis-Angier (?-1497).
41. ^Son of Hardouin IX of Maillé (1415-1487), Baron of Maillé, and Antoinette of Chauvigny (c. 1428-20/04/1473), Lady of Brosse.
42. ^Daughter of Nicolas of Montfort-Laval a.k.a. Guy XVI de Laval (01/10/1476-20/05/1531), Count of Laval and Montfort(-sur-Meu), Baron of Quintin, Lord of Tinténiac, Bécherel, Aubigné, Montfort, Gaël, Beaumanoir, Le Guildo and Comper, and Anne of Montmorency (c. 1497-29/06/1525).
43. ^Daughter of Guy of Rieux (?-12/02/1591), Lord of Châteauneuf, Viscount of Donges, Governor of Brest, and Madeleine of Espinay (?-27/09/1597).
44. ^Daughter of Charles d'Avaugour (?-1608), Count of Vertus, Goëlo, Viscount of Saint-Nazaire, Baron of Avaugour and Ingrandes, Lord of Clisson, Champtoceaux and Montfaucon, and Philippa of Saint-Amadour, Viscountess of Guiguen, Lady of Thouaré and La Touche-Limouzinière.
45. ^Daughter of Henry III of Lenoncourt (?-1584), Lord of Lenoncourt, and Françoise of Montmorency-Laval (?-1614).
46. ^Daughter of Henri de Schomberg (1575 in Paris – 1632 in Bordeaux), Count of Nanteuil-le-Haudouin and Durtal, Duke of Halluin, and Anne de La Guiche (?-1663).
47. ^Daughter of Louis Charles d'Albert de Luynes (1620-1690), Duke of Luynes, Duke of Chevreuse, Prince of Léon, and Anne de Rohan-Guéméné (1640-1684) (cited in the tree).
48. ^Daughter of Charles de Cochefilet, Count of Vauvineux.
49. ^Son of François Léonor de Créquy (?-30/10/1721), Baron of Frohans, and Marie Antoinette de Schouteeten, Lady of Robermez and Ardennes.
50. ^Daughter of Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d’Auvergne (1641-1721), Duke of Bouillon, and Marie Anne Mancini (1649 in Rome – 1714 in Paris).
51. ^Daughter of Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne (11/07/1706 in Paris – 24/12/1771 in Issou), Duke of Bouillon, Grand Chamberlain of France, and Marie-Charlotte Sobieska (1697-1740).
52. ^Daughter of François Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil (17/04/1686-07/01/1743 in Issy-les-Moulineaux), Marquis of Fontenay-Trésigny, Lord of Villebert, Breteuil, Mesnil-Chassemartin, Chapelles, Villenavotte and Palaiseau, Baron of Boitron and Preuilly, and Marie Anne Angélique Charpentier d'Ennery (1689-1760).
53. ^Daughter of Charles Edward Stuart (31/12/1720-31/01/1788), and Clementina Walkinshaw (1720-1802).
54. ^Son of Honoré d'Albert (?-06/02/1592), and Anne de Rodulf.
55. ^Son of Henri de Lorraine a.k.a. Henri I de Guise Scarface (31/12/1550-23/12/1588 in Blois), Duke of Guise, Prince of Joinville, and Catherine de Clèves a.k.a. Catherine de Nevers (1548 in Paris – 11/05/1633 in Paris), Countess of Eu, Princess of Château-Renault.
56. ^Daughter of Claude I d'Avaugour (1581 in Thouaré-sur-Loire – 06/08/1637 in Paris), Count of Vertus and Goëlo, Viscount of Saint-Nazaire, Baron of Avaugour and Ingrandes, Lord of Clisson, Champtoceaux and Montfaucon, and Catherine Fouquet de La Varenne (1590-10/05/1670).
57. ^Son of Charles d'Albert (05/08/1578 in Pont-Saint-Esprit – 15/12/1621 in Longueville), Marquis of Albert, Duke of Luynes, Grand Constable of France, Peer of France, and Marie Aimée de Rohan-Guéméné (December 1600 in Coupvray – 12/08/1679), Duchess of Luynes and Chevreuse (cited in the tree).
58. ^Son of Claude of Espinay (c. 1552 – after 1584), Larquis of Espinay, Count of Durtal, and Françoise of La Rochefoucauld.
59. ^Daughter of Henry III of Lenoncourt
60. ^Daughter of René II of Montmorency-Laval (?-1557), Viscount of Bresteau, Lord of Saint-Aubin, Coudrayes, Boisdauphin, Aulnay, Louaillé, Saint-Mars, La Mousse, Rouperreux, Saint-Georges, Rofay and Maugasteau, and Catherine of Baif.
61. ^Son of Giles of Montmorency-Laval a.k.a. Giles II of Laval-Loué (? – December 1559), Viscount of Brosse, Lord of Loué, Benais, Montsabert, Marcillé, Parvis, Bressuire, Maillé, La Rochecorborn, La Haye and La Motte-Sainte-Heraye, and Louise of Sainte-Maure (? – after 1549), Countess of Nesle and Joigny.
62. ^Son of Giles II of Laval-Montmorency"
63. ^Son of Hardouin IX of Maillé"
64. ^Son of Oliver IV of Clisson (c. 1300-09/08/1343 in Paris), Lord of Clisson and Blain, Baron of Pontchâteau, and Jeanne de Montaigu a.k.a. Jeanne de Belleville (c. 1300-1359), heiress of Belleville-sur-Vie, Montaigu, Palluau and La Garnache.
65. ^Daughter of Harvey VI, Lord of Léon, Lord of Léon, Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais and Hacqueville, and Matilda of Poissy (?-1290), Lady of Radepont and Noyon-sur-Andelle.
66. ^Son of John of Kergolay (? – after 1303), Lord of Kergolay, and Alix of Avaugour, Lady of Frinandour.
67. ^Son of Oliver du Pont a.k.a. Oliver I of Pontchâteau]] (? – after 1126), Baron of Pontchâteau, and his wife Agnes.
68. ^Son of Guihomar IV, Viscount of Léon (after 1130-11/09/1179), Lord of Léon, and his wife Nobilis.
69. ^Daughter of William II of Montfort (?-1235), Lord of Montfort(-sur-Meu) and Boutavent, and Nina of Rostrenen.
70. ^Daughter of Philip III of Navarre
71. ^Daughter of John of Montauban
72. ^Fille de François Ier de Rieux
73. ^Son of John VIII of Maure
74. ^¹Son of Hardouin IX of Maillé
75. ^Daughter of Nicholas of Montfort-Laval
76. ^Daughter of Guy of Rieux
77. ^Daughter of Charles of Avaugour
78. ^Daughter of Henry III de Lenoncourt
79. ^Daughter of Henri de Schomberg
80. ^Daughter of Louis Charles d'Albert de Luynes
81. ^Daughter of Charles de Cochefilet
82. ^Son of François Léonor de Créquy
83. ^Daughter of Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne
84. ^Daughter of Charles-Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne
85. ^Daughter of François Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil
86. ^Daughter of Charles Edward Stuart
87. ^Son of Honoré d'Albert
88. ^Son of Henri de Lorraine
89. ^Daughter of Claude I d'Avaugour
90. ^Son of Charles d'Albert
91. ^Son of Claude d'Espinay
92. ^Daughter of Henri III de Lenoncourt
93. ^Daughter of René II de Montmorency-Laval
94. ^¹Son of Gilles II de Laval-Montmorency
95. ^Daughter of Jacques d'Armagnac-Nemours
96. ^Daughter of Claude I of Avaugour
97. ^Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Jullien de Courcelles, Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France, des grands dignitaires de la couronne, des principales familles nobles du royaume et des maisons princières de l'Europe, précédée de la généalogie de la maison de France, Arthus-Bertrand, Paris, 1827, vol. 8, p. 209
98. ^Daughter of Josselin of La Roche-Bernard
99. ^B. Galimard Flavigny (2006) {{p.|317-319}}
100. ^Louis Chauris, Minéraux de Bretagne, Saint-Julien-du-Pinet, Les Éditions du Piat, 2014.
101. ^Éric Mension-Rigau, Les Rohan. Histoire d'une grande famille, Perrin, 2017, p. 11.
102. ^Alain Boulaire, Les Rohan, France-Empire, 2001, 346.
103. ^Édouard Drumont, 1897, p 392. Mon vieux Paris. E. Flammarion (Paris), 2 vol. (XIX-384, XI-435 p.)
104. ^Le Plaisir du texte, Paris, Seuil, 1973
105. ^Source: [https://books.google.fr/books?id=aJoqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA493&lpg=PA493&dq=Duc+de+Loudun&source=web&ots=4jA62AB0jp&sig=5fUdkFEApxCknTiSwoR3A2eKjGI&hl=fr&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result Recueil des lettres missives d'Henri IV, publié par m. Berger de Xivrey, Jules Berger de Xivrey, Joseph Gaudet, Imprimerie Royale, 1843]
106. ^Bulletin de la Société héraldique et généalogique de France, 1879, p. 275 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=LkQoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA275&dq=%22prince+de+L%C3%A9on+(pris+au+XVI+si%C3%A8cle)%22&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDmaXsuePZAhVCu1kKHQVPB7EQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22prince%20de%20L%C3%A9on%20(pris%20au%20XVI%20si%C3%A8cle)%22&f=false read online].
107. ^[https://francearchives.fr/fr/findingaid/e449496211ac10da95aef1c021e0c842575ff4a8 Fonds Rohan-Bouillon (XIe - XIXe siècle)], France Archives, 2004, accessed 14 October 2018
108. ^[https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/rechercheconsultation/consultation/ir/pdfIR.action?irId=FRAN_IR_000713 Fonds Rohan-Bouillon (XIe-XIXe siècle)], Archives Nationales, 2004, accessed 14 October 2018