“Crenshaw/LAX Line”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Crenshaw/LAX Line is an under-construction light rail line that will run through southwest Los Angeles, in a north to south direction. It will connect the Crenshaw neighborhood and Leimert Park to the City of Inglewood and Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). When completed, the line will be a part of the Los Angeles County Metro Rail System.

The project is being built by Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro). The project has been given high priority by Metro in its long-range plan;^[3] it has funding set aside in Measure R.^[4] The Final EIR was certified on 22 September 2011.^[5] The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) gave its approval to build the $1.766 billion^[7] light rail line was given in January 2012.^[6]

Metro began pre-construction in July 2012, and a Notice To Proceed was issued by Metro in September 2013.^[7] An official ground-breaking ceremony for the project was held on January 21, 2014.^[8] Heavy construction began in June 2014 and initial revenue service projected to begin by mid-2020.^[9]

Route

The Metro Crenshaw/LAX Line project is an 8.5-mile light rail (LRT) route, starting at the Expo/Crenshaw station on the Metro Expo Line and connecting at a wye to the existing Metro Green Line just to the west of Aviation/LAX station. The initial segment includes eight stations; an infill station, Aviation/96th Street station, will be built later to accommodate a planned people mover system at LAX.^[10]

The northern half of the route follows Crenshaw Boulevard from Exposition Boulevard down to 67th Street. The southern half of the route utilizes the Harbor Subdivision Right-Of-Way (ROW) from Crenshaw Boulevard to the Green Line just west of Imperial/Aviation.

At its northern terminus, Metro has decided not to directly connect the Crenshaw Line track to the at-grade Metro Expo Line track. Such a connection would have allowed the Crenshaw Line to interline with the Expo Line and terminate in Downtown Los Angeles. However, Metro argues that this is not operationally feasible (three lines would share tracks on Flower Street leading into Downtown, putting the tracks above their maximum capacity, leading to delays), and is therefore not worth the cost. Instead, its northern terminus will be an underground subway station at Expo/Crenshaw, built to enable a planned northern extension to the Purple Line and the Hollywood/Highland station on the Red Line in Hollywood.

Station listing

The project will include nine new Metro stations, including an infill station that will not open until several years after the rest of the line:

Service

The question of how the new segment would be integrated into the Metro Rail system was the subject of some controversy in 2018 as completion of the project loomed. Early proposals had suggested that a new line would operate between Expo/Crenshaw station in the north and Aviation/Century station in the south or possibly extend to Redondo Beach station once the stations west of Aviation/LAX station could accommodate 3-car trains, with the stretch southwest of the wye continuing to be served by the Metro Green Line as well.^[13] An additional service would have connected Norwalk station to the new Aviation/Century station and planned 96th Street Transit station, as well as the Airport Metro Connector.^[14]

But this service plan would have required trains passing all three directions through the wye connecting the new and existing infrastructure, which Metro staff felt would unduly wear down the points. Instead, in 2018 Metro proposed a service plan that would see the newly opened segment connected to the bulk of the current Green Line; the southwest segment of the Green Line in the South Bay would operate as a separate shuttle between Redondo Beach and the new Aviation/Century station. The arrangement was meant to provide a seamless rail option for the many passengers who currently transfer between the Green Line and north to south bus lines in the area, as well as operationally combine the Norwalk-LAX and Crenshaw/Expo-LAX legs, which have matching capacity needs, rather than combining either with the more sparsely used Redondo Beach leg.^[15]

However, the plan was met with resistance from some board members, particularly Supervisor Janice Hahn, because it would require South Bay passengers to make multiple transfers to complete trips currently possible with only one transfer.^[16] A faction of the Metro board led by Hahn proposed a one-year pilot of an alternative routing scheme under which one line would travel from Norwalk station to Expo/Crenshaw station and another from Redondo Beach station to Willowbrook/Rosa Parks station. The proposal, dubbed C-3, was approved by the Metro board on December 6, 2018.^[17] This option will entail an additional $10 million annual operating cost over Metro's initial proposal, in large part because a substantial segment of the current Green Line between Willowbrook and Aviation/LAX will see three-minute headways at peak hours. The adopted proposal will also limit the potential length of trains on the new segment to two cars due to power constraints; it will preclude a one-seat ride from the South Bay to LAX^[18] but will maintain the ability of South Bay passengers to transfer directly to the Silver Line and Blue Line.

History

The line was planned following the Los Angeles riots of 1992 as a way to better serve transit-dependent residents in the corridor while at the same time providing stimulus for positive economic growth in the South Los Angeles region. It was championed by State Senator Diane Watson and County Supervisor Yvonne Brathwaite Burke, both representing portions of the corridor.

In 1993 and 1994, a Major Investment Study (MIS) was initiated.^[1] An architectural design and planning visioning was performed by the University of Southern California school of Architecture in 1996. A route refinement study followed in 1999–2000 to improve the shelf life and to narrow down the number of alternatives. A new Major Investment Study (MIS) was completed in 2003. From 2007 through 2009, Metro conducted a draft environmental review of the line, taking public input and analyzing the environmental impacts and benefits of various alternatives. In December 2009, the Metro Board approved the Draft Environmental Impact Report^[19] and chose a "Locally Preferred Alternative".^[20]

This alternative, which included the preferred mode and route, became the subject of a final environmental study, resulting in a Final Environmental Impact Report. This final study was completed in May 2011.^[34] Local community leaders, neighborhood councils, Los Angeles County Supervisors Yvonne Burke and Mark Ridley-Thomas, as well as U.S. Representative Diane Watson continued to express enthusiastic support for the proposed light rail line. In a letter to Metro dated November 5, 2007, Watson wrote:

Environmental review process

The Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR) describes several alternatives, as well as "Design Options" (optional features with additional cost).^[19] Many other alignments were considered previously, but eliminated due to lack of feasibility or benefit.

Maintenance facility

Metro staff studied and ranked 16 potential sites for the required maintenance facility.^[22] Through several rounds of screening, all but five were eliminated.

In March 2011, a Supplemental DEIS/R was released to the public, specifically related to the maintenance facility. This study was completed due to changes to capacity requirements of the Crenshaw Line. Three of the screened sites were carried forward into this study, and one new site was added.^[23] The four site options studied in the Supplemental DEIS/R (from north to south) are:

Following the public comment period in April 2011, staff recommended adoption of the Arbor Vitae/Bellanca site, since it had no public objections and all environmental impacts could be mitigated.^[24]

Selected alternative

In December 2009, the Metro Board selected a Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA), and in 2010 Metro conducted the Final Environmental Study for this alternative. This alternative included the LRT Baseline alignment, plus Design Options 1, 2 and 4. At this time, Metro also authorized further study of the remaining design options.

In selecting this alternative, Metro staff eliminated the BRT (bus rapid transit) alternative, stating that it was too slow to provide much benefit, and that it generally lacked public support.

Metro staff also concluded that the northernmost portion of the Crenshaw Corridor between Exposition and Wilshire was too expensive to include in the project if implemented as light-rail. Thus, study and implementation of that segment was deferred, to be considered separately in the future as a northern extension ("Phase 2") of the Crenshaw Line (see section below).

Metro estimated the light-rail line will initially have a daily ridership between 13,000 and 16,000, would cost $1.3 billion - $1.8 billion (in 2008 dollars), would take five years to complete construction, and would generate 7,800 construction jobs over this period.^[19]

Grade separations

The route had several segments under consideration for grade-separations. The LRT Baseline (DEIR) included a minimal set of grade separations: the design options specified additional grade separations. The locally preferred alternative (LPA) adopted by the Metro Board included the LRT Baseline plus some additional grade separations (e.g. Design Options 1, 2 and 4). Other grade separations were also still under consideration. All grade separations are subject to the Metro Grade Crossing Policy.^[25]

The following table describes the Crenshaw Corridor's route, divided into segments with potential grade-separations:

Park Mesa Tunnel

In 2010, Supervisor Mark Ridley-Thomas requested study of a tunnel through Park Mesa Heights on Crenshaw Boulevard between 48th and 59th Streets. Metro staff studied the option and recommended against it. Staff concluded the option offers minimal benefit but high cost. The additional cost for the tunnel would be $219 million, or $167 million with Slauson station removed. Instead that section of the line will be at-grade level.^[26]^[27]

Leimert Park and Hindry stations

In May 2011, Supervisor Ridley-Thomas asked the Metro Board to vote on a motion requiring construction of both the tunnel and the subway station in Leimert Park Plaza (Crenshaw/Vernon). The Board voted to include an underground station at Leimert Park and approved the station only under the condition that the entire project can be completed within its original budget.^[28]

In May 2013, the Metro Board voted 10-1 to officially include an underground station at Leimert Park (Crenshaw/Vernon, at Crenshaw Blvd and 43rd Place), and another at-grade station at Hindry Ave (Florence/Hindry), in the Crenshaw/LAX Line project.^[7]

Aviation/96th station

In 2014, Metro approved the planning and scoping of an infill station at 96th and Aviation, which would connect to the proposed LAX Train automated people mover system to the airport terminals.^[12]^[29] The station would be less than half a mile north of the under construction Aviation/Century station, and would serve as Metro Rail's main gateway to the airport itself, while the Aviation/Century station would serve destinations along the busy Century Boulevard corridor. The proposed station would be served by Green Line trains as well as trains along the new Crenshaw/LAX Line.^[30]

Project budget

Measure R assumes a project cost of $1.470 billion (2008). Its sales tax revenues will provide up to $1.207 billion (82% of the budgeted cost). The remaining $263 million is expected to come from local funding. The Crenshaw Corridor project did not seek state or federal funding.^[31] The LPA (including Design Options 1, 2 and 4) was estimated to cost $1.306 billion, which was within budget. If Metro were to include the remaining three design options, the cost would rise to $1.766 billion, exceeding the Measure R project cost by nearly $300 million, requiring cost deferments.

In October 2010, the Federal government of the United States awarded the Crenshaw Corridor a $546 million loan, to be paid back by Measure R tax revenue. The loan allowed pre-construction for the project to begin in summer 2012. The final Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor budget was $1.763-billion,^[32] as it included most of the design options. Project completion is expected in 2019.^[1] Ultimately, the LPA, with the addition of Design Option 6 and the underground Leimert Park station, is budgeted at $1.766 billion.^[32]

Northern extension to Hollywood

The original plans for the Crenshaw Corridor project connected Wilshire Blvd to LAX. However, during environmental review, Metro determined that if LRT were selected as the preferred mode, the cost for the entire route would exceed the project budget. In December 2009, the Metro Board selected LRT as the preferred mode; as a result, the part of the corridor north of Exposition Boulevard was deferred until funds become available. This segment can be considered a "Phase 2" extension of the original line. Any Phase 2 extension would be expected to connect to the Purple Line, the first phase of which is currently under construction as part of the Purple Line Extension project and the Red Line.

In May 2009, Metro released a report on the feasibility of an extension north to Wilshire Boulevard.^[33] It first screened two routes—one to Wilshire/La Brea, and another to Wilshire/Crenshaw. Through this screening, staff concluded that Wilshire/La Brea station would be more cost-effective and more compatible with land uses and plans along its route. Specifically, the report cited the following advantages of the La Brea route over the Crenshaw route:

In October 2010, the Metro Board voted to eliminate the Wilshire/Crenshaw station from the Purple Line Subway Extension project, for similar reasons.^[34]

The 3.5-mile Wilshire/La Brea route heads north on Crenshaw to Venice, west on Venice to San Vicente, continuing northwest on San Vicente to La Brea, and then north on La Brea to Wilshire. It has three possible stations: Crenshaw/Adams (optional), Pico/San Vicente, and Wilshire/La Brea.

The feasibility report also allowed for two possible branches/extensions along La Brea Ave, Fairfax Ave, La Cienega Blvd or San Vicente Blvd heading north of Wilshire into West Hollywood and/or Hollywood.

In November 2010, Metro staff produced an initial review of the feasibility of studying a new transit corridor to connect the Crenshaw Corridor to West Hollywood and/or Hollywood.^[35]

In May 2014, the West Hollywood City Council considered a proposal by Councilmembers John Heilman and Jeffrey Prang to engage a lobbyist to promote the need for Metro rail services in West Hollywood. The Heilman/Prang proposal notes that “former Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa assured West Hollywood representatives that West Hollywood would be ‘next in line’.”^[36] In 2015, the West Hollywood City Council launched the West Hollywood Advocates for Metro Rail (WHAM) as part of a campaign to win grassroots support for a Metro rail extension into the city.^[37]

In September 2016, in a letter to West Hollywood City Councilmember Lindsey Horvath, Metro CEO Phil Washington outlined several steps Metro is taking to make the Crenshaw/LAX northern extension “shovel ready” should county voters approve Measure M, a countywide ballot measure adding new transit projects and expediting others previously approved under Measure R.^[38]

Connection to the first phase

The final design of the first phase (the original project line south of Exposition Blvd to LAX) would determine how the Phase 2 project could or would connect to Phase 1. The original locally preferred alternative (LPA) for the Crenshaw/LAX Line from the draft environmental impact study (Draft EIS/EIR) specified an at-grade station at the Phase 1 Expo/Crenshaw terminus, with the Leimert Park tunnel ending several blocks south of that, near 39th Street. If Phase 1 had been built per the LPA, then Phase 2 would have require the building of a new tunnel with a connection near 39th Street. This would have required the north end of the Leimert Park tunnel to be outfitted with knockout panels to allow for the possible future extension north.^[39]

Metro also studied "Design Option 6" for Phase 1, which would extend the Leimert Park tunnel north to the line's northern terminus at Exposition, with an underground station at Crenshaw/Exposition. This design option was selected so that Phase 2 can connect to Phase 1 directly at the Crenshaw/Exposition station's tunnels. This design option increased the cost of the original Phase 1 project by $236 million.^[40]

See also

References

1. ^¹²³{{cite web | url=http://www.metro.net/projects/crenshaw_corridor/ | title=Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor (project website) | publisher=Metro (LACMTA) | date=June 27, 2013 | accessdate=2013-09-11}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=https://thesource.metro.net/2018/11/15/crenshaw-lax-line-opening-likely-to-be-in-mid-2020-metro-announces/ | title=Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor (project website) | publisher=Metro (LACMTA) | date=November 16, 2018 | access-date=2018-11-16}}
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4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.net/projects/measurer/|title=Measure R|publisher=Metro (LACMTA)|access-date=2010-08-30}}
5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.metro.net/board/recap/2011/recap_20110922RBM.pdf | title=Recap/Draft Minutes, Regular Board Meeting, 22 September 2011 | publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |date= September 22, 2011 | access-date=2011-10-01}}
6. ^{{cite journal | url=http://www.metro-magazine.com/news/story/2012/01/fta-approves-l-a-metro-light-rail-project.aspx | title=FTA approves L.A. Metro light rail project | journal=Metro Magazine | date=January 5, 2012 | access-date=2014-01-23}}
7. ^{{cite news |url=http://thesource.metro.net/2013/09/10/metro-issues-notice-to-proceed-for-crenshawlax-line/ |title=Metro issues Notice to Proceed for Crenshaw/LAX Line! |work=The Source |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |date=September 10, 2013 |access-date=2014-01-22}}
8. ^¹²³{{cite news |url=http://thesource.metro.net/2014/01/21/and-so-it-begins-ground-is-broken-for-8-5-mile-crenshawlax-line/ |title=And so it begins: ground is broken for 8.5-mile Crenshaw/LAX Line |newspaper=The Source |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |date=January 21, 2014 |access-date=2014-01-21}}
9. ^{{cite web | url=https://thesource.metro.net/2018/11/15/crenshaw-lax-line-opening-likely-to-be-in-mid-2020-metro-announces/ | title=Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor (project website) | publisher=Metro (LACMTA) | date=November 16, 2018 | access-date=2018-11-16}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://thesource.metro.net/2015/08/07/construction-update-crenshawlax-line/|title=Construction update: Crenshaw/LAX Line|first=Jose|last=Ubaldo|date= August 7, 2015|website=metro.net|access-date=6 December 2018}}
11. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite news |first=Steve|last=Hymon |url=http://thesource.metro.net/2014/06/26/metro-board-approves-new-station-at-aviation96th-as-best-option-to-connect-to-lax-people-mover/ |title=Actions taken today by Metro Board of Directors |newspaper=The Source |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |quote=The Board adopted the official names for the stations along the Crenshaw/LAX Line that is currently under construction. The names, from north to south: Expo/Crenshaw, Martin Luther King, Jr., Leimert Park, Hyde Park, Fairview Heights, Downtown Inglewood, Westchester/Veterans and Aviation/Century. |date=July 23, 2015 |accessdate=2015-07-27}}
12. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://thesource.metro.net/2018/06/18/report-explains-operating-plan-for-crenshaw-lax-line-and-green-line/|title=Report explains operating plan for Crenshaw/LAX Line and Green Line|first=Steve|last=Hymon|date= June 18, 2018|website=metro.net|access-date=6 December 2018}}
13. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dailybreeze.com/general-news/20140121/metro-breaks-ground-on-new-2-billion-la-crenshawlax-line|title=Metro breaks ground on new $2 billion L.A. Crenshaw/LAX Line|first=Brian |last=Sumers |newspaper=Daily Breeze |date=January 21, 2014|access-date=31 January 2016}}
14. ^{{cite web |title=City Council approves long-awaited people mover to LAX |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-lax-people-mover-20180411-story.html |publisher=Los Angeles Times |access-date=April 12, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412102814/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-lax-people-mover-20180411-story.html |archive-date=April 12, 2018 |date=April 11, 2018 |dead-url=no}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://la.streetsblog.org/2018/06/22/crenshaw-green-line-operations/|title=Crenshaw/LAX Line Operations Plan Being Debated, Will Affect Green Line|date= June 22, 2018|website=streetsblog.org|access-date=6 December 2018}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://la.curbed.com/2018/7/3/17528832/metro-crenshaw-line-lax-green-line-connection|title=Will the Crenshaw Line strand South Bay riders?|first=Elijah|last=Chiland|date= July 3, 2018|website=Curbed LA|access-date=6 December 2018}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/StreetsblogLA/status/1070795844046090241|title=Metro bd mtg: Barger votes yes. Hahn Crenshaw/Green C3 motion passes 7-4-2 (Ridley-Thomas, Kuehl abstained)|first=|last=StreetsblogLA|date= December 6, 2018|website=twitter.com|access-date=6 December 2018}}
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19. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.net/projects/crenshaw_corridor/draft-environmental-impact-report-deir/|title=Crenshaw Transit Corridor DEIS/DEIR|publisher=Metro (LACMTA)|date=October 2009|accessdate=2010-08-20}}
20. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://metro.net/projects_studies/crenshaw/images/20091118P&PItem9.pdf|title=Crenshaw Transit Corridor Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA)|publisher=Metro (LACMTA)|date=December 2009|accessdate=2010-08-20}}
21. ^"Crenshaw-Prairie Transit Corridor Project Scoping Study". Metro (LACMTA). February 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.net/projects/crenshaw_corridor/maintenance-facility-planning/ |title=Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor | Maintenance Facility Planning |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |date=February 24, 2011 |accessdate=2012-05-28}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metro.net/projects_studies/crenshaw/images/SDEIS_RDEIR/crenshaw_pt1_alternatives_considered.pdf |title=SDEIS/RDEIR Part I, 2.0 - Alternatives Considered |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |date=February 2011 |accessdate=2014-01-22}}
24. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.metro.net/board/Items/2011/04_April/20110420P&PItem2.pdf |title=Planning & Programming Committee Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor Adopt the Locally Preferred Alternative Maintenance Facility Site |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |date=April 20, 2011 |accessdate=2014-01-22}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.net/about_us/library/images/Grade%20Crossing%20for%20Light%20Rail%20Transit.pdf|title=Grade Crossing Policy For Light Rail Transit|publisher=Metro (LACMTA)|date=December 2003|accessdate=2010-08-20}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://ridley-thomas.lacounty.gov/Pages/Archive/home/09/121009.htm|title=MTA Board Unanimously Adopts $1.7 Billion Crenshaw To LAX Transit Corridor Light Rail System Championed By Supervisor Ridley-Thomas|author=Ridley-Thomas, Mark|date=December 2009|accessdate=2010-08-20}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.net/board/Items/2010/09_september/20100915MRPDItem7.pdf|title=Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor Project Park Mesa Heights Grade Separation Analysis|publisher=Metro (LACMTA)|date=September 16, 2010|accessdate=2013-01-22}}
28. ^{{cite news|url=http://thesource.metro.net/2011/05/26/board-votes-to-add-leimert-park-village-station-to-crenshawlax-line-if-the-funds-can-be-found/|title=Board votes to add Leimert Park Village station to Crenshaw/LAX Line — if the funds can be found|newspaper=The Source|publisher=Metro (LACMTA)|date=May 26, 2011|accessdate=2013-01-22}}
29. ^{{cite news |first=Laura J.|last=Nelson |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-lax-train-connection-20140627-story.html |title=Train station to connect Metro rail lines with LAX approved |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=June 26, 2014 |accessdate=2015-05-21}}
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31. ^{{cite web |url=http://media.metro.net/measureR/images/expenditure_plan.pdf |title=Proposed One-Half Cent Sales Tax for Transportation Outline of Expenditure Categories |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |date=August 13, 2008 |access-date=2013-01-22}}
32. ^¹²³{{cite news|url=http://thesource.metro.net/2013/05/23/metro-board-votes-to-fully-fund-leimert-park-village-and-hindry-stations-for-crenshawlax-line/|title=Metro Board votes to fully fund Leimert Park Village and Hindry stations for Crenshaw/LAX Line|newspaper=The Source|publisher=Metro (LACMTA)|date=May 23, 2013|accessdate=2013-01-22}}
33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metro.net/projects_studies/crenshaw/images/Feasibility%20Study%20Wilshire-La%20Brea%20LRT%20Extension%20-%20Report.pdf |title=Crenshaw Transit Corridor Project Final Feasibility Study - Wilshire/La Brea Transit Extension |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |date=May 2009 |access-date=2014-01-23}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metro.net/board/Agendas/2010/10_october/20101028ARBM.pdf |title=AGENDA Regular Board of Directors Meeting |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |pages=10–12 |date=October 28, 2010 |access-date=2014-01-23}}
35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metro.net/board/Items/2010/11_november/20101118MRPDItem6.pdf |title=Measure R Project Delivery Committee Hollywood/West Hollywood Transit Corridor Connection To Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor Initial Review |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |date=November 18, 2010 |access-date=2014-01-23}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wehoville.com/2014/05/02/weho-consider-stepping-efforts-bring-metro-station-town/|title=WeHo to Consider Stepping Up Efforts to Lure a Metro Line Stop|date= May 2, 2014|website=wehoville.com|access-date=6 December 2018}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.lamag.com/driver/west-hollywood-fighting-subway/|title=How West Hollywood Is Fighting for Its Own Subway Los Angeles Magazine|first=Neal|last=Broverman|date= February 23, 2016|website=lamag.com|access-date=6 December 2018}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wehoville.com/2016/09/17/60432/|title=Metro Moves Up Date for Possible Northern Extension of Crenshaw/LAX Line|date= September 17, 2016|website=wehoville.com|access-date=6 December 2018}}
39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metro.net/board/Items/2008/03_march/20080319P&PItem10.pdf |title=Crenshaw-Prairie Transit Corridor Project Status Report |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |date=March 19, 2008 |access-date=2008-07-21}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://media.metro.net/projects_studies/crenshaw/images/FEIS_FEIR/00_Executive_Summary_Part07.pdf |title=Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor Project Final Environmental Impact Report/Final Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary |publisher=Metro (LACMTA) |page=ES-26 |date=August 2011 |access-date=2014-01-21}}