| 词条 | Howard Saunders |
| 释义 |
| name = Howard Saunders | image = Mr. Howard Saunders.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1835|09|16}} | birth_place = London | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1907|10|20|1835|09|16}} | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = English | fields = Ornithology | workplaces = | alma_mater = | known_for = Gulls Terns }} Howard Saunders (16 September 1835 – 20 October 1907) was a British businessman, who later in life became a noted ornithologist, specialising in gulls and terns. Life and workSaunders was born in London on 16 September 1835. He received his early education at Leatherhead and Rottingdean. He entered business as a merchant banker, which allowed him to travel widely. From 1855 to 1862 he travelled in Brazil and Chile. After 1862 Saunders devoted himself to the study of the birds of Spain. He published several articles on the subject in The Ibis, having visited the Pyrenees in 1883 and 1884. He also published articles on the birds of Switzerland in 1891, and an account of The Distribution of Birds in France in 1893. He was the co-editor with P. L. Sclater for The Ibis in 1883–1886 and 1895–1900.[1] Saunders was an expert on gulls and terns. Among other duties, he wrote about the gull specimens from the Challenger expedition of 1872–1876.[2] Saunders served as secretary of the British Ornithologists' Union from 1901 to 1907, and first secretary and treasurer of the British Ornithologists' Club. He was also an active member of the Zoological, Linnean and Royal Geographical Societies. Ornithological publicationsIn 1869 his first article on the birds of Spain was published in The Ibis.{{sfn|Saunders|1869}} In 1872 he described a new species of green woodpecker, the Iberian green woodpecker, that inhibits the Iberian Peninsula. He called it Gecinus sharpii (now Picus sharpii), after the name of its discoverer, Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1847-1909).{{sfn|Saunders|1872}} In 1889 the first edition of the Illustrated Manual of British Birds was published.{{sfn|Saunders|1889}} It was issued in twenty parts in 1888 and 1889.[3] In The Zoologist of 1888 appeared a 'notice' about parts i-iv.[4] Ten years later a second edition appeared.{{sfn|Saunders|1899}} The third edition was published twenty years after the death of Saunders and was revised and enlarged by William Eagle Clarke.{{sfn|Saunders|Clark|1927}} LegacyTwo species of birds have been named after him:
Bibliography
| title = Ornithological Rambles in Spain | date = 1869 | journal = The Ibis | volume = New Series, Vol. V | pp = 170-186 | url = https://archive.org/details/ibisns05brit/page/170 | accessdate = 2019-02-19 | ref = harv }}
| last = Saunders | first = Howard | author-link = Howard Saunders | author-mask = 2 | title = On a new Species of Green Woodpecker from Southern Europe | date = 1872-02-06 | journal = Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London | pp = 153/4 | url = https://archive.org/details/ornithology00saun/page/n4 | accessdate = 2019-02-19 }}[5][6]
| last = Saunders | first = Howard | author-link = Howard Saunders | author-mask = 2 | title = On the Occurrence of Falco barbarus and Cypselus pallidus on the Continent of Europe | date = 1872-03-05 | journal = Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London | pp = | url = https://archive.org/details/ornithology00saun/page/n8 | accessdate = 2019-02-19 }}[5]
| last = Saunders | first = Howard | author-link = Howard Saunders | author-mask = 2 | title = On the Sterninae, or Terns, with Descriptions of three new Species | date = January 1876 | journal = Journal of Zoology | volume = 44 | issue = 1 | pp = 638-672 | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1876.tb02598.x }}; also published as {{cite journal | last = Saunders | first = Howard | author-link = Howard Saunders | author-mask = 2 | title = On the Sterninae, or Terns, with Descriptions of three new Species | date = 1876-06-20 | journal = Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London | pp = 638-672 | url = https://archive.org/details/ornithology00saun/page/n54 | access-date = 2019-02-19 }}
| title = Illustrated Manual of British Birds | date = 1889 | location = London | publisher = Gurney and Jackson | oclc = 4671598 | ref = harv }}[7][8][9][10]
| last1 = Saunders | first1 = Howard | author-link1 = Howard Saunders |author-mask1 = 2 | last2 = Salvin | first2 = Osbert | author-link2 = Osbert Salvin | title = Catalogue of the Gaviae and Tubinares in the collection of the British Museum. Gaviae (terns, gulls, and skuas) | date = 1896 | location = London | publisher = Trustees of the British Museum | series = Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum (vol. 25) | OCLC = 316592486 | ref = harv }} References1. ^{{cite magazine|title=SAUNDERS, Howard|magazine=Who's Who|year=1907|volume= 59|page=1559|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1559}} 2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/418269/view | title=Howard Saunders, British ornithologist | publisher=Science Photo Library | accessdate=4 May 2013}} 3. ^See e.g. the [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007924432 catalogue description] of the first edition in HathiTrust Digital Library. 4. ^[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90434#page/343/mode/1up notice] in The Zoologist 1888, p. 317f. 5. ^1 The journal publications between 1872 and 1878 are collected in a volume entitled Ornithology ({{OCLC|1050232559}} and digitally available at Internet Archive ({{OL|25481944M}}). 6. ^This article first describes the Iberian green woodpecker (Picus sharpei). 7. ^The full title of the Illustrated Manual of British Birds was: "An Illustrated Manual of British Birds. By Howard Saunders, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., editor of the third and fourth volumes of "Yarrell's History of British Birds," fourth edition. With illustrations of nearly every species." It was often shortly called "Saunders's Manual" 8. ^See e.g. [https://www.britishbirds.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/article_files/V22/V22_N02/V22_N02_P046_048_RV010.pdf review of 3rd ed. in British Birds] 9. ^For the importance and popularity of the work see also:{{cite book | last = Anker | first = Jean | title = Bird Books and Bird Art: An Outline of the Literary History and Iconography of Descriptive Ornithology| date = 2014| publisher = Springer| ISBN = 978 94 011 7985 0| page = 57| url = https://books.google.nl/books?id=B5TpCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57| access-date = 2019-02-19}} 10. ^The following digital copies of Saunders 1889 are online available: {{OCLC|727210643}}: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/13544 copy] in Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL); {{OCLC|903434880}}: [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100448239 copy] in HathiTrust Digital Library; see also [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007924432 this copy] in HathiTrust Digital Library. Sources
7 : 1835 births|1907 deaths|English ornithologists|English bankers|Fellows of the Linnean Society of London|Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society|Fellows of the Zoological Society of London |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。