| 词条 | Cruziana |
| 释义 |
| name = Cruziana | fossil_range = Devonian - Triassic, {{fossilrange|400|250}} | image = Cruziana2.jpg | image_caption = Cruziana, fossil trackways of trilobites. | authority = d'Orbigny, 1842 }} Cruziana is a trace fossil consisting of elongate, bilobed, approximately bilaterally symmetrical burrows, usually preserved along bedding planes, with a sculpture of repeated striations that are mostly oblique to the long dimension. It is found in marine and freshwater sediments.[1] Cruziana has been extensively studied because it has uses in biostratigraphy (specific scratch patterns are unique to specific time intervals),[1] and because the traces can reveal many aspects of their makers' behavior. Cruziana is typically associated with trilobites but can also made by other arthropods.[1] Cruziana appears in non-marine formations such as the Beacon Supergroup that would have been unsuitable environments for trilobites,[1] and in Triassic sediments that were deposited after trilobites became extinct at the end of the Permian Period.[2]Cruziana traces can reach 15 mm across and 15 cm in length, with one end usually deeper and wider than the other.[1] The burrow may begin or end with a resting trace[3] called Rusophycus, the outline of which corresponds roughly to the outline of the tracemaker, and with sculpture that may reveal the approximate number of legs, although striations (scratchmarks) from a single leg may overlap or be repeated. Cruziana tenella, and conceivably other ichnospecies, appears to have been formed by the concatenation of a series of Rusophycus traces, suggesting that Cruziana is a feeding trace, rather than a locomotory trace formed by burrowing within a layer of mud as historically believed.[4]The ichnogenus Diplichnites may be produced where the trackmaker sped up.{{cn|date=September 2018}} Several specimens of Cruziana are commonly found associated together at one sedimentary horizon, suggesting that the traces were made by populations of arthropods.[5] References1. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Seilacher | first1 = A. | year = 1994 | title = How valid is Cruziana stratigraphy? | journal = Geologische Rundschau | volume = 83 | issue =4 | pages = 752–758 | bibcode = 1994GeoRu..83..752S | doi = 10.1007/BF00251073}} 2. ^{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00208.x| journal = Lethaia| pages = 283–284| year = 2010| title = Cruziana and Rusophycus: trace fossils produced by trilobites … in some cases?| volume = 43| last1 = Donovan | first1 = S. K.| issue = 2 }} 3. ^{{Cite journal | last1 =Garlock | first1 = T. L. | last2 = Isaacson | first2 = P. E. | title = An occurrence of a Cruziana population in the Moyer Ridge Member of the Bloomsberg Formation (Late Silurian)-Snyder County, Pennsylvania. |journal = Palaeontology | volume = 51 | pages = 282–287 |jstor=1303607| year = 1977 | issue =2 }} 4. ^{{Cite journal | doi=10.1111/let.12303|title = An intermittent mode of formation for the trace fossil Cruziana as a serial repetition of Rusophycus: The case of Cruziana tenella (Linnarsson)| journal=Lethaia|year = 2018|last1 = Kesidis|first1 = Giannis| last2=Budd| first2=Graham E.| last3=Jensen| first3=Sören}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal | author = Woolfe, K.J. | year = 1990 | title = Trace fossils as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Taylor Group (Devonian) of Antarctica | journal = Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology | volume = 80 | pages = 301–310 | doi = 10.1016/0031-0182(90)90139-X | issue = 3–4| bibcode = 1990PPP....80..301W }} Further reading
| author = Goldring, R. | year = 1985 | title = The formation of the trace fossil Cruziana | journal = Geological Magazine | volume = 122 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–72 | url = http://geolmag.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/122/1/65 | accessdate = 2007-09-09 | doi = 10.1017/S0016756800034099 | bibcode = 1985GeoM..122...65G
| author = Jensen, S. | date = January 1, 2006 | title = Trace Fossils from the Lower Cambrian Mickwitzia Sandstone, South-Central Sweden | series = Fossils and Strata | volume = 42 | isbn = 978-82-00-37665-1 | publisher = Scandinavian Univ. Press | location = Oslo | issue = 1 | url = https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/Arthropods+of+the+Lower+Cambrian+Chengjiang+Fauna%2C+Southwest+China-p-9788200376934 | pages = 65
| author = Vinn, O. | year = 2014 | title = Cruziana traces from the Late Silurian (Pridoli) carbonate shelf of Saaremaa, Estonia | journal = Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences | volume = 63 | issue = 2 | pages = 71–75 | url = http://www.kirj.ee/public/Estonian_Journal_of_Earth_Sciences/2014/issue_2/earth-2014-2-71-75.pdf | accessdate = 2014-06-09 | doi = 10.3176/earth.2014.06 }} External links
2 : Arthropod trace fossils|Fossil trackways |
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