“Huazhong University of Science and Technology”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST; {{zh|s=华中科技大学|t=華中科技大學|p=Huázhōng Kējì Dàxué}}) is a public research university located in Guanshan Subdistrict, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei province, China. As a national key university directly affiliated to the Ministry of Education of China, HUST is a Project 985 and Class A Double First Class University.^[3] HUST manages Wuhan National Laboratories for Opto-electronics (WNLO), which is one of the five national laboratories in China. HUST is also one of four Chinese universities eligible to run the national laboratory and the national major science and technology infrastructure. Huazhong University of Science and Technology was one of two Chinese universities awarded with the University Leadership Award by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) , and elected as "China's Top Ten Research Institutions" by the academic journal Nature,^[4] called "The epitome of the higher education development of People's Republic of China".

History

Founding (1952–1954)

In 1952, the Central Government of China sought to construct a new higher education system for the rapid development of economy, science and technology after Chinese Civil War. Three technical institutes were planned to be established in Wuhan, including Huazhong Institute of Technology (HIT, 华中工学院), South-Central China Institute of Power Engineering (中南动力学院) and South-Central China Institute of Water Conservancy and Electric Power (中南水利学院) . In March 1953, the institute's charter was signed by the South-Central China Government under the approval of the Central Government of China. In the original planning, the land south of the Yujia Hill was chosen for the three campuses. Physicist Qian Zha was appointed as chair of the three-institute initiative. Economist Peigang Zhang was appointed as chief in planning to lead the HIT initiative. In June 1953, the land south of the East Lake was chosen as the campus of South-Central China Institute of Water Conservancy and Electric Power. The same year, the South-Central China government decided not to establish an independent South-Central China Institute of Power Engineering. All the programs related to power engineering were administered by Huazhong Institute of Technology. The institute formally opened on October 15, 1953.

Early development (1954–1966)

All the programs and departments at HIT were organized and formed from the programs related to electrical engineering, power engineering, electricity and mechanical engineering in Wuhan University, Hunan University, Guangxi University and South China Institute of Technology. HIT's first classes were held in spaces at those institutions. There were eight undergraduate programs, 314 full-time faculty members and 2,639 undergraduate students at that time. The first president is physicist Qian Zha, Dean of School of Engineering of Wuhan University. The first provost is Gancai Liu.

In 1960, HIT was evaluated to be a national key university under the direct administration of the Ministry of Education of China.

Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)

In 1971, most of the Wuhan Mechanical Institute (武汉机械学院) was merged into the institute.

Six departments were established. There were 20 undergraduate programs, 1,097 faculty members. The number of undergraduate students reached to 6,087.

New mission, global view (1976–1988)

Graduate students began to be enrolled in 1978, and in 1984, the institute became one of 22 universities to be approved by the State Council to establish a graduate school. By approval of the State Education Committee, the institute was renamed Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST, 华中理工大学) in 1988.

Leading the Reform in Tech-Schools (1988–2000)

With China's global strategy and the reform of the economy, HUST led a series of pivotal reforms among technical institutions in China. HUST is the first technical school to establish the Department of Journalism and Communication, the Department of Economics, and Department of Literature, and to host nationwide lectures in humanities.

Merger

On May 26, 2000, the former Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan Urban Construction Institute (武汉城市建设学院), and Wuhan Science and Technology Vocational College (科技部干部管理学院) combined to form the new Huazhong University of Science and Technology (华中科技大学); the Chinese name was changed, but the English name remained the same.

Tongji Medical College

The history of Tongji Medical College can be traced back to 1907 when Tongji German Medical School was founded by Erich Paulun in Shanghai. The name Tongji^[5] suggests cooperating by riding the same boat. In 1927, with the development of the institution, it expanded to include engineering programs. After the establishment of National Tongji University in 1927, the Tongji Medical College was affiliated to the university as one of the schools. In 1950, the medical school was moved to Wuhan from Shanghai and merged with Wuhan University School of Medicine to become South-Central China Tongji Medical College. The college was later renamed as Wuhan College of Medicine in 1955, as Tongji Medical University in 1985, and as Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2000.

Presidents

Campus

Huazhong University of Science and Technology has two campuses: Main Campus at Wuchang and Tongji Medical Campus at Hankou. The area of single campus is more than 7000 mu. The campus reaches 72% green rate and thus is also known as "Forest University".

Main Campus at Wuchang

Tongji Medical Campus at Hankou

Schools and departments

Sciences and Engineering

Social Sciences

Medicine (Tongji Medical College)

Academic Power

Faculty and staff

National scientific platforms

National Laboratory

National major science and technology infrastructure

State Key Laboratory

National Engineering (Technology) Research Center

National Engineering Laboratory

National Professional Laboratory

Essential Science Indicators（ESI）

In ESI ranking in March 2019, Huazhong University of Science and Technology is ranked in 266th in the world, and 9th among all the Double First Class Universities in China. The numbers of top 1‰ and 1% disciplines of HUST in the world are 3 and 15 respectively.

Top 1‰ disciplines include Engineering, Computer Science, Materials Science. Top 1% disciplines include Engineering, Computer Science, Materials Science, Clinic Medicine, Chemistry, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Biology & Biochemistry, Physics, Neuroscience & Behavior, Social Sciences, Molecular Biology & Genetics, Mathematics, Environment/Ecology, Agricultural Sciences.

Discipline category

Programs^[7]

Subjects^[8]

Reputation

Services

Libraries

There are four libraries at HUST: the Old Library, the Shaw Library (New Library), the Medical Library and the Architecture Library. The Old Library and the Shaw Library are located in the center of main campus. The Old Library was designed and constructed in Soviet Union style in the 1950s. It plays a major role in book circulation and conference hosting. It also provides classrooms for audio-video teaching program and some group-study programs. The first floor of the east wing is the Center for Reader's Services, which is a branch of University Bookstore System. The Shaw Library was donated by Sir Run Run Shaw and built in the 1990s. It has more than 30 reading rooms, including Chinese/English social sciences reading rooms, Chinese/English natural sciences reading rooms, Chinese/English archive reading rooms and electronic journal reading rooms. It also houses a multi-media center and a major branch of Center for Computing & Networking. Medical Library is located in Tongji Medical Campus in Hankou. It provides the same services to the medical students as the libraries in main campus. The Architecture Library is on the east side of the main campus. It accommodates books and journals in architecture and urban planning. The University Libraries have a total collection of 3.49 million volumes.

Student life

Student demographics

Athletics

HUST men's basketball team has won national championship (CUBA) in 2004. HUST men's team also won the fourth place in CUBA 1999. HUST women's basketball team lost the national champion titles and won the second places in WCUBA 2005 and 2006.

Notable alumni (incomplete statistics)

Notable statesmen

Notable athletes

Notable businessmen

Notable scientists

Members of National Academies

China Academy of Sciences

China Academy of Engineering

World top scholars

Members of World Top Academy

Tenured professors in world-class universities

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hust.edu.cn/SchoolProfiles1.html|title=学校简介|accessdate=June 30, 2014|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701100416/http://www.hust.edu.cn/SchoolProfiles1.html|archivedate=July 1, 2014|df=}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://english.hust.edu.cn/about_Vision.html |title=Vision and Mission |accessdate=June 30, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314212726/http://english.hust.edu.cn/about_Vision.html |archivedate=March 14, 2015 |df= }}
3. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A22/moe_843/201709/t20170921_314942.html |title=教育部财政部国家发展改革委关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设学科名单的通知 (Notice from the Ministry of Education and other national governmental departments announcing the list of double first class universities and disciplines)}}
4. ^{{Cite web|title=Nature Publishing Index 2012 Asia-Pacific|url=https://www.natureasia.com/en/publishing-index/pdf/NPI2012_Asia-Pacific.pdf}}
5. ^Tongji is the Chinese phonetic approximation of deutsche (German).
6. ^From Sina Education /in Chinese| Sohu Learning Chinese
7. ^Evaludated by Ministry of Education of China in 2006 /in Chinese
8. ^From Sina Education /in Chinese
9. ^{{Cite web|title=2019 US News and World Report Best Global Universities|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/huazhong-university-of-science-technology-505190}}
10. ^{{Cite web|title=2018 Academic Ranking of World Universities|url=http://www.zuihaodaxue.com/ARWU2018.html}}
11. ^{{Cite web|title=2019 Times Higher Education World University Ranking|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/world-ranking#!/page/14/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats}}
12. ^{{Cite web|title=武书连2018中国大学排行榜|url=http://edu.sina.com.cn/gaokao/2018-06-29/doc-iheqpwqy7386225.shtml}}
13. ^{{Cite web|title=2019软科中国最好大学排行榜|url=http://www.zuihaodaxue.com/zuihaodaxuepaiming2019.html}}
14. ^{{Cite web|title=2018软科中国最好大学排行榜|url=http://www.zuihaodaxue.com/zuihaodaxuepaiming2018.html}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Gong Hongjia|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gong-hongjia/|website=Forbes|accessdate=17 January 2015}}