| 词条 | Customs Surveillance Service |
| 释义 |
|agencyname = Customs Surveillance Service |nativename = Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera |commonname = ADUANAS / CUSTOMS |abbreviation = SVA also DAVA |patch = Parche sva.gif |patchcaption = Patch of the Spanish Customs Service |logo = Emblem of Spanish Customs Surveillance Service.svg |logocaption = Badge of the Spanish Customs Service |badge = Spanish Customs Surveillance Service racing stripe.svg |badgecaption = Ship racing stripe |flag = Bandera del Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera.svg |flagcaption = Flag of the Spanish Customs Service with the double crowned H, symbol of the Spanish Royal Treasury |motto = Por tierra, mar y aire |mottotranslated = Through land, sea and air |formed = Reorganized on February 12, 1982, since the 16th century |preceding1 = Servicio Especial de Vigilancia Fiscal |preceding2 = Servicio Especial de Vigilancia Marítima y Terrestre de Tabacalera S.A. |employees = 2,000 |volunteers = |budget = |country = Spain |federal = |national = Yes |map = |mapcaption = |sizearea = |sizepopulation = |legaljuris = |governingbody = Government of Spain |governingbodyscnd = |constitution1 = Decreto Real 319/1982 |constitution2 = Ley Orgánica 12/1995 |speciality1 = customs |speciality2 = border |speciality3 = |police = |local = |overviewtype = |overviewbody = Deputy Directorate of Customs Surveillance |headquarters = Madrid, Spain |hqlocmap = |hqlocleft = |hqloctop = |hqlocmappoptitle = |sworntype = |sworn = |unsworntype = |unsworn = |electeetype = Minister |minister1name = Cristóbal Montoro[1] |minister1pfo = Minister of Finance and Public Administrations |chief1name = María Vicenta Abad Carrasco |chief1position = Director-General |parentagency = Agencia Tributaria |child1agency = |unittype = |unitname = |officetype = |officename = |stationtype = |stations = |lockuptype = |lockups = |vehicle1type = |vehicles1 = |boat1type = |boats1 = |aircraft1type = |aircraft1 = |aircraft2type = |aircraft2 = |animal1type = |animals1 = |person1name = |person1reason = |person1type = |programme1 = |activity1name = |activity2name = |activitytype = |anniversary1 = |award1 = |award2 = |website = http://www.aeat.es |footnotes = }} The Customs Surveillance Service ({{lang-es|Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera}}, SVA) is a Spanish law enforcement agency responsible for the investigation and prosecution of cases involving contraband, illegal drugs, financial evasion and violations, money laundering, surveillance for financial police purposes and the provision of judicial police services. Its activities can be compared in USA with agencies like the Drug Enforcement Administration, ATF, or some of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection HistoryOriginsThe origin of the service goes back to the creation of a paramilitary organization (called in Spanish Resguardo) to protect the monopoly of tobacco of the Tabacalera (the oldest tobacco company in the world), a Spanish tobacco monopoly which was established in 1636. The primary duty of the Resguardo was to protect the monopoly that the State exercised over the tobacco, combatting smuggling since its trade was one of the primary sources of funds of the Spanish Royal Treasury between the seventeenth and the 18th centuries.[2] Recent historyRecent history of the service begins in 1944 with the creation of the Servicio Especial de Vigilancia Marítima y Terrestre de Tabacalera S.A. (Special Service of Maritime and Terrestrial Surveillance from Tabacalera) charged of preventing the tobacco contraband. In 1954 due to the ineffectiveness of the service its duties were assumed by the Spanish Treasury who reorganized the service and created the Servicio Especial de Vigilancia Fiscal (Special Service of Fiscal Surveillance), made up of military and civilian personnel, which assumed the task of fighting the contraband. In 1982 the service was reorganized under the Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera (Customs Surveillance Service) and its duties were broadened to include the investigation of economic crimes and the fight against illegal drugs, among other roles.[3] ActivitiesThe most common duties of the SVA are regulated by the Royal Decree 319/1982 and the Organic Law against contraband 12/1995.[4] Those are the investigation, discovery and prosecution of contraband violations throughout the nation, territorial waters and airspace. The force also has powers conferred by the Spanish Tax Agency (Agencia Tributaria) regarding economic crimes, including the fight against corruption, fraud investigation in foreign trade and money laundering, among other roles. [5]The SVA cooperates with international and European organizations such as the European Anti-Fraud Office, Europol or the World Customs Organization.[6] OrganisationCentral ServicesThe Deputy Directorate of Customs Surveillance ({{lang-es|Dirección Adjunta de Vigilancia Aduanera, DAVA}}) is integrated into the Department of Customs and Special Taxes ({{lang-es|Departamento de Aduanas e Impuestos Especiales}}) of the Spanish Tax Agency of the Ministry of Economy and Finance.[7] The customs headquarters is in Madrid. Department of Customs and Special Taxes
Territorial ServicesRegional Operations Area
Armament and equipmentAirThe aircraft fleet consists of CASA C-212 Aviocar maritime patrol aircraft[8] and MBB Bo 105, Dauphin and BK117 helicopters manufactured by Eurocopter.[9] MaritimeThe maritime component of the Customs Surveillance Service is one of the largest employed by the Spanish Government with approximately 90[10] vessels in service. The maritime units of the service are classed as Spanish Navy Auxiliary vessels (Decree 1002/1961, of maritime surveillance).[11]
The Special Operations Units of the Customs Maritime Service are responsible for tracking drug shipments from foreign points-of-origin and interdicting them in international waters, supported by the investigations of ground staff.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} Ground forcesMost of the vehicles used are unmarked while some of them are marked, specially those deployed in airports and seaports or in specific operations. They also are equipped with mobile scanners for non-intrusive inspections. Investigation units have special equipment to accomplish their missions like thermal cameras, interceptions devices, etc.[13] Small ArmsSpanish Customs Agents are armed with the 9mm Heckler & Koch USP Compact pistols and Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine guns. Also 7.62mm MG3 and .50 caliber M2 machine guns are mounted on vessels. GallerySee also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://boe.es/boe/dias/2011/12/22/pdfs/BOE-A-2011-19942.pdf|title=Cristóbal Montoro, Ministro de Hacienda y Administraciones Públicas|trans-title=Cristobal Montoro Minister of Finance and Public Administrations|publisher=Spanish Official Gazette|date=2011-12-22|language=Spanish}} 2. ^{{cite book | last = | first = | authorlink = |author=Carlos E. Corona, José A. Armillas Vicente | title = La España de las reformas: Hasta el final del reinado de Carlos IV | publisher = Ediciones Rialp | year = 1984 | location = | pages = 207–209 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wLNVAv7N-_YC&pg=PA209&lpg=PA209&dq=resguardo+de+tabacos&source=bl&ots=OjAfpkqQBK&sig=O-XekA6-BqaQE_PrmoM6Zvh6Hlg&hl=es&ei=0icMSsa9GJTKjAeyg-i5Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5#PPA207,M1 | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-84-321-2106-7}} 3. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = History of the Spanish Customs | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.telecable.es/personales/sva/historia.htm | doi = | accessdate = }} 4. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Organic Law against contraband 12/1995 | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Penal/lo12-1995.html | doi = | accessdate = }} 5. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Royal Decree 319/1982 | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Fiscal/rd319-1982.html | doi = | accessdate = }} 6. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = OLAF Anti-Fraud Communicators Network | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://ec.europa.eu/anti_fraud/olaf-oafcn/list/en.html#es | format = | doi = | accessdate = }} 7. ^{{cite web| last =| first =| title =Central Services organisation of the Department of Customs and Special Taxes| url =http://www.aeat.es/wps/portal/Organigrama?channel=5f6c2c9b9eec9010VgnVCM1000004ef01e0a____&ver=L&site=56d8237c0bc1ff00VgnVCM100000d7005a80____&idioma=es_ES&menu=0&img=0| accessdate =| deadurl =yes| archiveurl =https://archive.is/20110326183431/http://www.aeat.es/wps/portal/Organigrama?channel=5f6c2c9b9eec9010VgnVCM1000004ef01e0a____&ver=L&site=56d8237c0bc1ff00VgnVCM100000d7005a80____&idioma=es_ES&menu=0&img=0| archivedate =2011-03-26| df =}} 8. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = C-212 aircraft of the SVA | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.telecable.es/personales/sva/Aereos/c212.htm | doi = | accessdate = }} 9. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Spanish Customs helicopters | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.telecable.es/personales/sva/Aereos/helos.htm | doi = | accessdate = }} 10. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Spanish Customs Equipment | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.telecable.es/personales/sva/medios.htm | doi = | accessdate = }} 11. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | title = Lista de Buques Auxiliares de la Armada Española - SVA ships | url= http://www.losbarcosdeeugenio.com/loba/paginas/LBAA.html#SVA | accessdate = 2009-05-14 }} 12. ^{{cite web | last = Rush | first = Neill | title = SVA equipment | url= http://www.navynuts.com/Aduanas.html | accessdate = 2009-05-14 }} 13. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | title = Spanish Customs ground forces | url= http://www.telecable.es/personales/sva/Terrestres/vehiculos.htm | accessdate = 2009-05-14 }} External links
6 : Customs services|Financial crime prevention|Fraud organizations|Coast guards|Border guards|Borders of Spain |
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