| 词条 | Cutis verticis gyrata |
| 释义 |
| name = Cutis verticis gyratann | synonyms = CVG | image = | caption = | pronounce = | field = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} Cutis verticis gyrata is a medical condition usually associated with thickening of the scalp.[1] People show visible folds, ridges or creases on the surface of the top of the scalp.[2] The number of folds can vary from two to roughly ten and are typically soft and spongy. These folds cannot be corrected with pressure. The condition typically affects the central and rear regions of the scalp, but sometimes can involve the entire scalp. Hair loss can occur over time where the scalp thickens, though hair within any furrows remains normal. Thus far, due to the (apparent) rarity of the condition, limited research exists and causes are as yet undetermined. What is known, is that the condition is not exclusively congenital. The condition was first reported by Jean-Louis-Marc Alibert in 1837,[3] who called it cutis sulcata.[4] A clinical description of the condition was provided by Robert{{who?|date=June 2016}} in 1843[5] and it was named by Paul Gerson Unna in 1907.[6] It has also been called Robert-Unna syndrome, bulldog scalp, corrugated skin, cutis verticis plicata, and pachydermia verticis gyrata.[7] CauseAt this time, causes are unknown, but it is believed to not be congenital. DiagnosisThere is no clinical diagnosis for CVG as cases are rarely seen and are often comorbid with other conditions. ClassificationsCVG is classified according to the presence, or lack of underlying cause. Studies suggest that CVG often occurs in individuals in a secondary form to other ailments. However, the condition can also be present on its own. CVG can be classified into two forms: ‘primary’ (essential and non-essential) and ‘secondary’.[8] The classifications are:
Primary essential CVG is where the cause of the condition in unknown. It has no other associated abnormalities. This occurs mainly in men, with a male:female ratio of 5:1 or 6:1, and develops during or soon after puberty. Because of the slow progression of the condition, which usually occurs without symptom, it often passes unnoticed in the early stage.[9] Primary non-essential CVG can be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, seizures, and ophthalmologic abnormalities, most commonly cataracts. Secondary CVG occurs as a consequence of a number of diseases or drugs that produce changes in scalp structure. These include: acromegaly (excessive growth hormone levels due to pituitary gland tumours), excessive drug use that mimics acromegaly (including the injection of growth hormone itself and drugs that stimulate growth hormone output, such as GHRP-6 and CJC-1295), melanocytic naevi (moles), birthmarks (including connective tissue naevi, fibromas and naevus lipomatosus), and inflammatory processes (e.g. eczema, psoriasis, Darier disease, folliculitis, impetigo, atopic dermatitis, acne). TreatmentThe only current medical treatment for this condition is limited to plastic surgery with excision of the folds by means of scalp reduction/surgical resection. Scalp subcision has also been suggested as a treatment.[10] Additional suggestions also include injections of a dermal filler (e.g. (poly-L-lactic acid)).[11] See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite book |author1=James, William |author2=Berger, Timothy |author3=Elston, Dirk |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology |publisher=Saunders |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7216-2921-6 |page=572 |edition=10th}} Bibliography2. ^{{cite book |author1=Rapini, Ronald P. |author2=Bolognia, Jean L. |author3=Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |page=1502 |isbn=978-1-4160-2999-1 }} 3. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Tan O, Ergen D |title=Primary essential cutis verticis gyrata in an adult female patient: a case report |journal=J. Dermatol. |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=492–5 |date=July 2006 |pmid=16848824 |doi=10.1111/j.1346-8138.2006.00116.x }} 4. ^http://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=jmms -- See page 82 of J Mind Med Sci. 2016; 3(1): 80-87. 5. ^{{Cite journal | url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1113735-overview | title=Cutis Verticis Gyrata: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology| date=February 2019}} 6. ^Unna PG. Cutis verticis gyrata. Monatschr Prakt Derm. 1907. 45:227-33. 7. ^{{cite book | last=Levine | first=Norman | title=Dermatology Therapy A-Z Essentials | publisher=Springer | location=Berlin New York | year=2004 | isbn=978-3-540-00864-4 | page=166}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Radwanski|first1=Henrique N.|last2=Rocha Almeida|first2=Marcelo Wilson|last3=Pitanguy|first3=Ivo|title=Primary essential cutis verticis gyrata – a case report|journal=Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery|volume=62|issue=11|year=2009|pages=e430–e433|issn=1748-6815|doi=10.1016/j.bjps.2008.06.062|pmid=18951076}} 9. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Okamoto K, Ito J, Tokiguchi S, Ishikawa K, Furusawa T, Sakai K |title=MRI in essential primary cutis verticis gyrata |journal=Neuroradiology |volume=43 |issue=10 |pages=841–4 |date=October 2001 |pmid=11688700 |doi=10.1007/s002340100591}} 10. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Hsu YJ, Chang YJ, Su LH, Hsu YL |title=Using novel subcision technique for the treatment of primary essential cutis verticis gyrata |journal=Int. J. Dermatol. |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=307–9 |date=March 2009 |pmid=19261024 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.03927.x}} 11. ^Unusual and rare complication described in San Francisco | CATIE - Canada's source for HIV and hepatitis C information
External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = | ICD9 = | ICDO = | OMIM = 219300 | OMIM_mult = {{OMIM2|605685}} {{OMIM2|304200}} | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = oh | MeshID = }} 2 : Genodermatoses|Genetic disorders with OMIM but no gene |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。