| 词条 | Cyril Crowe |
| 释义 |
| name = Cyril Marconi Crowe | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1894|1|6}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1974|5|31|1894|1|6}} | birth_place = Oakengates, Shropshire, England | death_place = Swindon, Wiltshire, England | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = Billy | allegiance = United Kingdom | branch = British Army Royal Air Force | serviceyears = 1914–1919 1937–1954 | rank = Wing Commander | unit = No. 4 Squadron RFC No. 8 Squadron RFC No. 16 Squadron RFC No. 56 Squadron RAF | commands =No. 60 Squadron RAF No. 85 Squadron RAF | battles = | awards =Military Cross Distinguished Flying Cross | relations = | laterwork = }} Wing Commander Cyril Marconi Crowe {{post-nominals|country=GBR|MC|DFC|sep=yes}} (6 January 1894 – 31 May 1974) was a World War I flying ace credited with 15 victories.[1] Early lifeCrowe was the only child of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Crowe of Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Yorkshire,[2] He was educated at Mill Hill School from 1907 until 1911.[3] World War I serviceCrowe was granted Aviator's Certificate No. 898 on 8 September 1914 after flying at the Grahame-White Flying School at Hendon Aerodrome.[4] On 1 October, he was commissioned in the Royal Flying Corps as a probationary second lieutenant,[5] was appointed a flying officer on 22 December,[6] and confirmed in his rank on 6 January 1915.[7] On 24 April 1915, he was promoted to lieutenant.[8] Crowe was appointed a flight commander with the temporary rank of captain on 14 October,[9] and 1 December was promoted from temporary captain to captain.[10] When the founding Officer Commanding of No. 56 Squadron, Major Richard Blomfield, went recruiting pilots for the new unit, Crowe was chosen on the basis of his skills to be a flight commander.[11] He came aboard as leader of "B" Flight on 19 April 1917.[12] He scored his first victory on 24 April 1917; by 30 April, his count stood at four.[1] Crowe was involved in Albert Ball's last dogfight on 7 May, and was the last British pilot to see Ball still alive.[3] Crowe reported that Ball was last seen flying into a thunderhead.[13] Between 23 May and 16 June, Crowe increased his number of aerial victories by five, to bring his total to nine.[1] On 26 October 1917 Crowe was appointed a squadron commander, with the temporary rank of major,[14] to serve as an instructor at the Central Flying School,[15] remaining in that post until 21 February 1918,[16] when he also relinquished his temporary rank.[17] Crowe returned to No. 56 Squadron, accounting for five more enemy aircraft between 18 March and 1 July.[1] Upon James McCudden's death on 9 July,[18] Crowe took over as commander of No. 60 Squadron, with another appointment to the temporary rank of major.[19] By then, his tally stood at 14 victories.[1] On 29 July, he crashed a car into a tree while returning from a party in Dieppe. The accident killed his old schoolmate Owen Scholte, as well as Major Foggin. The resultant court-martial reduced Crowe to the rank of captain for a month.[3] He was then reinstated in the rank of major and given command of No. 85 Squadron. He scored his fifteenth and last victory for them on 16 September 1918.[1] Crowe's talents as a fighter pilot were described by Arthur Rhys-Davids, one of the pilots in "B" Flight, 56 Squadron: "Crowe is not afraid of anything and goes after old Huns like a rocket and yet he is extraordinarily prudent."[1] Crowe eventually left the RAF, being transferred to the Unemployed List on 25 September 1919.[20] Between the warsCrowe married Elena Temperley at Saint John's Anglican church in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 21 September 1929.[2] They went on to have four children: Robin, Peter, Sally Eyrielle, and Bettina Frederica.[21] Crowe was granted a commission as a flight lieutenant (and honorary squadron leader) in the Reserve of Air Force Officers on 20 November 1937.[22] World War IIOn 1 September 1939 Crowe relinquished his reserve commission[23] and joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve as a flight lieutenant, with seniority from 13 March.[24] He rose to the rank of wing commander.[3] On 24 September 1947 he returned to the Reserve of Air Force Officers with the rank of flight lieutenant,[25] until finally relinquishing his commission on 27 May 1954.[26] Honours and awards
Captain Cyril Marconi Crowe, Royal Flying Corps (Special Reserve) For conspicuous gallantry and skill as a leader of offensive patrols, many times attacking hostile formations single-handed, and descending to low altitudes under heavy anti-aircraft fire. He has been responsible for the destruction of several enemy machines.[27]
Captain Cyril Marconi Crowe, MC. This officer has been engaged on active operations over the lines for over twelve months, and has accounted for ten enemy aeroplanes. He is a most successful leader, distinguished for skill and bravery. On a recent occasion he, accompanied by two other machines, attacked an enemy formation consisting of four biplanes and one triplane. Having destroyed a biplane he engaged the triplane at close range and destroyed that also.[28] References
1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/england/crowe1.php |title=Cyril Marconi Crowe |work=The Aerodrome |year=2014 |accessdate=3 November 2014 }} 2. ^1 {{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1929/1929-1%20-%201034.html |title=Personals |issue=1080 |volume=XXI |page=993 |work=Flight |date=6 September 1929 |accessdate=3 November 2014}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.atwar.millhill.org.uk/Search_Result_View.php?recID=347 |title=Crowe, Cyril Marconi |work=Mill Hill at War 1914–1919 |year=2014 |accessdate=3 November 2014}} 4. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1914/1914%20-%200956.html |title=Aviator's Certificates |issue=299 |volume=VI |page=956 |work=Flight |date=18 September 1914 |accessdate=3 November 2014}} 5. ^{{London Gazette |date=29 September 1914 |supp=y |issue=28921 |page=7791 |nolink=yes}} 6. ^{{London Gazette |date=12 January 1915 |issue=29038 |page=382 |nolink=yes}} 7. ^{{London Gazette |date=5 January 1915 |supp=y |issue=29031 |page=248 |nolink=yes}} 8. ^{{London Gazette |date=25 May 1915 |supp=y |issue=29174 |page=5093 |nolink=yes}} 9. ^{{London Gazette |issue=29343 |date=29 October 1915 |page=10650 |nolink=yes }} 10. ^{{London Gazette |date=7 January 1916 |issue=29431 |page=346 |nolink=yes}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.historynet.com/book-review-high-in-the-empty-blue-the-history-of-56-squadron-alex-revell-avh.htm |title=Book Review: High in the Empty Blue: The History of 56 Squadron by Alex Revell |first=Jon |last=Guttman |publisher=historynet.com |date=11 August 2001 |accessdate=3 November 2014}} 12. ^Bowyer (1977), p.164. 13. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.century-of-flight.net/Aviation%20history/airplane%20at%20war/upload3/Albert%20Ball.htm |title=Capt. Albert Ball |publisher=century-of-flight.net |year=2006 |accessdate=3 November 2014}} 14. ^{{London Gazette |issue=30407 |date=27 November 1917 |page=12528 |supp=y |nolink=yes }} 15. ^{{London Gazette |issue=30425 |date=11 December 1917 |page=13031 |supp=y |nolink=yes }} 16. ^{{London Gazette |issue=30647 |date=23 April 1918 |page=4955 |supp=y |nolink=yes }} 17. ^{{London Gazette |issue=30715 |date=31 May 1918 |page=6434 |supp=y |nolink=yes }} 18. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/england/mccudden1.php |title=James Thomas Byford McCudden |work=The Aerodrome |year=2014 |accessdate=3 November 2014}} 19. ^{{London Gazette |issue=30808 |date=23 July 1918 |page=8626 |nolink=yes }} 20. ^{{London Gazette |date=20 July 1920 |issue=31986 |page=7668 |nolink=yes}} 21. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.coke-smyth.com/familytree/525.htm |title=Major Cyril Marconi Crowe |work=Coke-Smyth Connections |date=29 September 2014 |accessdate=3 November 2014}} 22. ^{{London Gazette |date=29 March 1938 |issue=34497 |page=2091 |nolink=yes}} 23. ^{{London Gazette |date=20 October 1939 |issue=34713 |page=7041 |nolink=yes}} 24. ^{{London Gazette |date=20 October 1939 |issue=34713 |pages=7043–7044 |nolink=yes}} 25. ^{{London Gazette |date=17 October 1947 |supp=y |issue=38102 |page=4963 |nolink=yes}} 26. ^{{London Gazette |date=13 July 1956 |supp=y |issue=40831 |page=4141 |nolink=yes}} 27. ^{{London Gazette |date=17 July 1917 |supp=y |issue=30188 |page=7225 |nolink=yes}} 28. ^{{London Gazette |date=20 September 1918 |supp=y |issue=30913 |page=11250 |nolink=yes}}
10 : 1894 births|1974 deaths|People from Oakengates|People educated at Mill Hill School|Royal Flying Corps officers|British World War I flying aces|Recipients of the Military Cross|Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Royal Air Force personnel of World War I|Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II |
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