“Dali Yang”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Dali L. Yang is the William Claude Reavis Professor in the Department of Political Science and Senior Advisor to the President and Provost on Global Initiatives at The University of Chicago. Between 2010 and 2016, he was the founding Faculty Director of the University of Chicago Center in Beijing, a university-wide initiative to strengthen exchanges and collaboration with Chinese academic institutions. He is also a non-resident Senior Fellow at the Chicago Council on Global Affairs. He is a member of the Committee of 100, a member of the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations, and a member of the China Committee of the Chicago Sister Cities International Program. He is also on the Advisory Board of the Paulson Institute at the University of Chicago.

Education

Yang was educated in China and the United States. At age 19, he earned a bachelor of engineering from the University of Science and Technology, Beijing in 1983. He taught English in the foreign languages department of his Alma mater briefly before coming to the United States. He then switched to political science, earned a master's degree from Portland State University in 1988 and his doctorate in Politics from Princeton University in January 1993.

Academic career

Since 1992, Yang has been a member of the faculty of the Department of Political Science at the University of Chicago. He became an associate professor in 1999, and a full professor in 2004. From 2004 to 2007, he served as Chairman of the department. From 1999 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2004, he was director of the Committee on International Relations. He served as director of the Center for East Asian Studies at the University of Chicago from 2008 to 2010 and is the founding Faculty Director of the University of Chicago Center in Beijing.^[1] He also directed the Confucius Institute at the University of Chicago, an initiative to enhance support for faculty and student research on China.^[2]

Yang has held visiting appointments at a number of Chinese universities and at the East Asian Institute of the National University of Singapore. He was director and professor of that Institute from 2007 to 2008.^[3]

The Great Leap Famine and the Causes of Post-Mao Reforms

Yang is the author of a number of books that have made a difference in our understanding of China. His earliest book, Calamity and Reform in China was one of the first scholarly books on the Great Leap Famine, the worst famine in human history. It shows the era of Mao Zedong went to the radical extremism of the Great Leap Forward and how the Maoist excesses were self-destructive and contributed to the post-Mao reforms in rural China.^[4] The book was known for its innovative quantitative analysis on the political and economic causes of the Great Leap Famine at the end of the 1950s and early 1960s. It then revealed the patterns and severity of the Famine in the Chinese provinces were linked to the subsequent rural reforms in the 1960s and in the post-Mao reform era.

Yang's study of the political causes of the Great Leap Famine has stimulated much interest in follow-up studies. Yang and his co-authors returned to the debate in 2014 with a dissection of a study that purported to explain the political radicalism of provincial leaders.^[5]

Competitive Liberalization and the Limits of Federalism, Chinese Style

Yang is also the author of Beyond Beijing: Liberalization and the Regions in China. This book highlights the politicization of regional policy but argued the severe regional disparities in China could not be easily corrected by the Chinese government. Yang also advanced a theory of "competitive liberalization" to explain how competition among the multitude of local governments helped accelerate some of China's reforms.

However, Yang has parted company with scholars who believed China has evolved into some sort of Federalism, Chinese Style ^[6] that has played a market-preserving function . In an article in the Annual Review of Political Science^[7] and in a paper presented at the Ronald Coase Conference on China's Economic Transformation, Yang has argued one could not use the Market-Preserving Federalism model to explain China's rapid development.

China's Governance Reforms

While the proponents of the Chinese-style Federalism theory have been wary of the role of China's central government, Yang has focused much of his energy examining China's governance reforms and the transformation of the Chinese state in a volume edited with Barry Naughton and in his own Remaking the Chinese Leviathan. These studies have allowed Yang to analyze "how China’s leaders have reformed existing institutions and constructed new ones to cope with unruly markets, curb corrupt practices, and bring about a regulated economic order." According to Yang, "the Chinese leadership's emphasis has so far been on order rather than democratic ideals, technocratic control rather than popular participation (except at the grassroots level), governability rather than regime type."^[8] The book offers one of the few academic studies of how China made the Chinese People's Liberation Army and other state institutions divest of their business empire. It also made Yang one of the earliest to predict the Chinese leadership was turning around China's once moribund state banking system. These developments meant China was better able to weather the Great Recession that struck in the developed economies in 2008-2009.

How China responded to and coped with the Great Recession is the subject of [https://www.amazon.com/Global-Recession-Political-Economy-Transformation/dp/0230340857/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1339596118&sr=1-4 The Global Recession and China's Political Economy] (Yang ed., 2012). Yang and his co-author pay special attention to the phenomenon of "the state sector advances and the private sector retreats" or 国进民退 and discuss how local authorities have invoked central government directives to promote industrial consolidation at the expense of private enterprises.

The Development of the Chinese Regulatory State

Yang has in recent years paid attention to the development of China's regulatory system and studied a number of regulatory institutions ranging from sports doping, to drug manufacturing, and food safety.^[9] One recent paper dissects the tragic failures associated with State Food and Drug Administration, which ended in the execution of Zheng Xiaoyu, its former commissioner, in 2007.^[10] Together with Waikeung Tam, he discussed, in 2005, how China's fragmented regulatory structure contributed to a major baby formula scandal ^[11] The recent incidence of the Sanlu milk scandal, which has resulted in at least four babies dead and more than 50,000 hospitalized, shows the Chinese food safety regime remains deficient.

Books

[https://www.amazon.com/Global-Recession-Political-Economy-Transformation/dp/0230340857/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1339340719&sr=1-3 The Global Recession and China's Political Economy] (edited). Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

[https://www.amazon.com/Remaking-Chinese-Leviathan-Transition-Governance/dp/0804754934/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1339340619&sr=8-1 Remaking the Chinese Leviathan: Market Transition and the Politics of Governance in China]. Stanford University Press. 2004/2006.

[https://www.amazon.com/Beyond-Beijing-Liberalization-Routledge-Transition/dp/0415145015/ref=sr_1_6?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1339340719&sr=1-6 Beyond Beijing: Liberalization and the Regions in China]. Routledge, 1997.

[https://www.amazon.com/Calamity-Reform-China-Society-Institutional/dp/0804734704/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1339340719&sr=1-4 Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society and Institutional Change since the Great Leap Famine]. Stanford University Press, 1996.

[https://www.amazon.com/Chinas-Reforms-Challenges-Prospects-Contemporary/dp/9812834249/ref=sr_1_5?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1339340719&sr=1-5 China's Reforms at Thirty: Challenges and Prospects] (ed. with Zhao Litao). World Scientific, 2009.

[https://www.amazon.com/Discontented-Miracle-Institutional-Adaptations-Contemporary/dp/9812703543/ref=sr_1_8?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1339340719&sr=1-8 Discontented Miracle: Growth, Conflict and Institutional Adaptations in China](edited). World Scientific, 2007.

[https://www.amazon.com/Holding-China-Together-Diversity-Integration/dp/0521168589/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1339340719&sr=1-2 Holding China Together: Diversity and National Integration in the Post-Deng Era]

References

1. ^Prof. Dali Yang appointed faculty director of Center in Beijing, February 23, 2010, [https://news.uchicago.edu/news.php?asset_id=1887]
2. ^Confucius Institute launched to support faculty and student research on China. [https://news.uchicago.edu/news.php?asset_id=2002]
3. ^Yang, Biographical Profile. http://www.nus.edu.sg/NUSinfo/EAI/Yang%20Dali.pdf
4. ^http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/960314/china.shtml
5. ^Dali L. Yang, Huayu Xu, and Ran Tao, "A Tragedy of the Nomenklatura? Career incentives, political loyalty and political radicalism during China's Great Leap Forward," Journal of Contemporary China published on line March 21, 2014, DOI:10.1080/13603116.2014.882560.
6. ^Gabriella Montinola, Yingyi Qian, and Barry R. Weingast, "Federalism, Chinese Style: The PoliticalBasis for Economic Success in China," World Politics, October 1995, 48(1), pp. 50-81
7. ^Dali Yang, "Economic Transformation and Its Political Discontents in China: Authoritarianism, Unequal Growth, and the Dilemmas of Political Development," Annual Review of Political Science, no. 9 (2006), pp. 143-164
8. ^Remaking the Chinese Leviathan, p. 311.
9. ^Yang, research papers at http://daliyang.com/researchpapers.html; Dali Yang and Alan Leung, "The Politics of Sports Anti-Doping in China," China: An International Journal, 6, no. 1 (March 2008), pp. 121-148.
10. ^Dali Yang, "Regulatory Learning and Its Discontents in China: Promise and Tragedy at the State Food and Drug Administration," in John Gillespie and Randall Peerenboom, eds., Pushing Back Globalization, Routledge, 2009.
11. ^Waikeung Tam and Dali Yang, “Food Safety and the Development of Regulatory Institutions in China,” Asian Perspective, vol. 29, no. 4 (2005), 5-36.