| 词条 | Humberto Vidal explosion |
| 释义 |
|title = |image_size = 250px |image_name = Humberto vidal explosion.jpg |caption = A view of the destroyed building. |date = {{start date and age|1996|11|21}} |time = 8:35 a.m. |place = Humberto Vidal store Río Piedras, Puerto Rico |coordinates = {{Coord|18.3984|-66.0493|region:PR_type:event|display=inline,title}} |also known as = Río Piedras explosion |cause = Gas leak |first reporter = |filmed by = |participants = |outcome = |reported deaths = 33 |reported injuries = 69 |reported missing = |reported property damage = Several buildings collapsed |suspects = |charges = |verdict = Explosion caused by failure of San Juan Gas Company, Inc., (1) to oversee its employees' actions to ensure timely identification and correction of unsafe conditions and strict adherence to operating practices and (2) to provide adequate training to employees[1] |convictions = |url = |website = |notes = }}{{external media | width = 210px | align = left | headerimage= | video1 =[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rz2hZBdM2U Puerto Rico Gas Explosion: Humberto Vidal Explosion] (54:25), Seconds From Disaster on National Geographic[2] }} The Humberto Vidal explosion (sometimes also referred to as the Río Piedras explosion) was a gas explosion that occurred on November 21, 1996 at the Humberto Vidal shoe store located in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico. The explosion killed 33 and wounded 69 others when the building collapsed.[3] It is one of the deadliest disasters to have occurred on the island. ExplosionThe explosion occurred at about 8:35am, on Thursday, November 21, 1996 in the middle of a bustling commercial sector of Río Piedras. The six-story building that housed the Humberto Vidal shoe store, a jewelry store, a music shop store and the head offices of Humberto Vidal was virtually destroyed and eventually it was demolished.[4] The immediate theory was that the explosion was caused by a bomb planted by local terrorists or even arson due to previous deliberate acts in the past.[5] However, there was no trace of explosives, nor were there flammable materials an arsonist could have used. United States President Bill Clinton declared Puerto Rico a disaster area, which ensured the receipt of federal aid to help the victims, including the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) which launched an investigation. San Juan Gas Company, owned by Enron Corporation, denied any responsibility claiming that the building had no gas service at the time of the explosion. CasualtiesIn the end, the explosion killed 33 victims and wounded 69 others.[6] Most of the victims were inside the building at the moment of the explosion, but others were in the streets surrounding the building. After the explosion, bodies of victims were placed on the pavement in front of the nearby La Milagrosa Church, where Cardinal Luis Aponte Martínez administered last rites.[7] "There were just parts of bodies lying in the street, torsos, bones, cars blasted against the building," Police Chief Pedro Toledo said. Owners of the shoe store said they had reported a gas leak to the San Juan Gas Company several days before the explosion.[8] InvestigationThe investigation of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) revealed that several persons had reported an alleged gas leak in the building in the days leading up to the explosion.[9] The store had no gas supply, so another nearby gas line looked like the culprit. It was discovered that a gas pipe which carried the heavier-than-air propane gas was broken. A few years earlier, a water main was installed below, which bent the pipe in the process. When the pipe had been installed, it was already in tight bend, adding to its stress levels. The addition of the water main caused it to break. The explosive gas was able to get into the shop basement from migrating around and over pipes, causing the bad smell. However, the biggest problem was that the gas company technicians were unable to detect the gas before the blast. Investigators discovered that holes used to detect gas below ground were only {{convert|46|cm}} deep when the gas was about {{convert|120|cm}} down, therefore, there was no way it could be detected in this manner. The most crucial error came in the basement inspection. The technician was supposed to turn his equipment on in fresh air before entering the building, but he instead turned it on once inside the building, thus detecting no gas.[10] The ignition source was an air conditioning switch with heated wiring, causing the whole building to be stripped to its skeleton. The San Juan Gas Company vehemently denied responsibility and suggested that it could have been caused by sewer gas instead. However, the lighter-than-air sewer gas collects in the ceiling, while propane collects on the floor. The investigation showed that stored shoes were tossed up by the explosion, meaning that the fuel had to be at ground level. An upwards bent beam was also crucial to determining that the blast had come from below. AftermathThe San Juan Gas Company was sued by the victims' families and owners of the businesses affected. There were a total of 1,500 lawsuits presented. Through the process, the company admitted no wrongdoing. Of all the lawsuits, 725 were settled outside courts, while 101 complaints were ruled against the company. The remaining lawsuits were settled in 2002 for $28 million. There was also criticism of the company's training practices, which management promised to rectify.[11] According to a city resolution, all underground gas lines in Río Piedras were removed to avoid further tragedies.[6] The area of the explosion now has a mural in remembrance of the people who died. DramatizationThe disaster was examined by the "Puerto Rico Gas Explosion" episode of documentary series Seconds From Disaster on the National Geographic Channel.[12] See also{{Portal|Puerto Rico|Disasters}}
Notes1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/news/events/Pages/Propane_Gas_Explosion_Rio_Piedras_San_Juan_Puerto_Rico_November_21_1996.aspx|title=Propane Gas Explosion Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, November 21, 1996|website=www.ntsb.gov|accessdate=28 January 2019}} 2. ^{{cite web | title =Frontline: Puerto Rico Gas Explosion: Humberto Vidal Explosion | publisher =Seconds From Disaster on National Geographic | date = 26 October 2010 | url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rz2hZBdM2U | accessdate =27 April 2016 }} 3. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2016 |title=A 20 años de la tragedia en Río Piedras |trans-title= |url=http://www.primerahora.com/noticias/puerto-rico/nota/a20anosdelatragediaenriopiedras-1189383/ |language=Spanish |newspaper= |location= |access-date=November 21, 2016 }} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://wkaq580.univision.com/noticias/article/2006-11-21/rio-piedras-recuerda-la-traged|title=Río Piedras recuerda la traged|work=WKAQ 580|author=|date=November 21, 2006}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/Xstatic/endi/template/imprimir.aspx?id=822160&t=3 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130629022547/http://www.elnuevodia.com/Xstatic/endi/template/imprimir.aspx?id=822160&t=3 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 29, 2013 |title=Así huele la muerte |work=El Nuevo Día |author= |date=November 21, 2010 }} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.lmsj.org/ra/2006-07/R2006-0772.pdf |title=Resolución Num. 72 |work=Municipio de San Juan |author= |date=March 28, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121030050/http://www.lmsj.org/ra/2006-07/R2006-0772.pdf |archivedate=November 21, 2008 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.primerahora.com/noticias/puerto-rico/nota/colegiodeclaradomonumentohistoricoterminacomohospitalillovevideo-506746/|title=Colegio declarado monumento histórico termina como hospitalillo|work=Primera Hora|author=|date=May 19, 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,7372,00.html|title=Explosion Shatters Puerto Rican Building|first=Daryl|last=Richard|date=21 November 1996|publisher=|accessdate=28 January 2019|via=content.time.com}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fema.gov/humberto-vidal-building-explosion-1996 |title=Humberto Vidal Building Explosion, 1996 |work=Federal Emergency Management Agency |author= |date=October 6, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502011331/http://www.fema.gov/humberto-vidal-building-explosion-1996 |archivedate=May 2, 2013 |df= }} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc_ca/article.php?id=38045|title=Deadly Explosion and Its Aftermath|work=Chiro Web|author=|date=}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2002/vol6n52/Media3-es.html |title=Transan casos judiciales de explosión Humberto Vidal |work=Puerto Rico Herald |author= |date=December 20, 2002 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718064845/http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2002/vol6n52/Media3-es.html |archivedate=July 18, 2013 |df= }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://secondsfromdisaster.net/s02e13-puerto-rico-gas-explosion-humberto-vidal-explosion/|title=S02E13 Puerto Rico Gas Explosion: Humberto Vidal Explosion|work=National Geographic|author=|date=January 24, 2013}} References
External links{{Commons category|Humberto Vidal Explosion}}
9 : Explosions in 1996|1996 industrial disasters|Disasters in Puerto Rico|Explosions in Puerto Rico|Río Piedras, Puerto Rico|1996 in Puerto Rico|1996 disasters in the United States|Gas explosions in the United States|November 1996 events |
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