“Daring-class destroyer (1893)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Daring-class destroyer (1893)

释义

Background
Orders
Design
References
Sources

For other classes of the same name, see Daring-class destroyer (disambiguation)

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}{{Use British English|date=March 2018}}{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=

Ship caption= HMS Daring
}}{{Infobox ship class overview

Name=Daring class

Builders=John I. Thornycroft & Company, Chiswick

Operators=

Class before=None

Havock|destroyer|4}}

Subclasses=

Built range=1892–1894

In commission range=1895–1912

Total ships building=

Total ships planned=

Total ships completed=2

Total ships cancelled=

Total ships active=

Total ships laid up=

Total ships lost= 1

Total ships retired=

Total ships scrapped=1

Total ships preserved=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header=

Header caption=^[1]

Ship type=Torpedo boat destroyer

260|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} light

{{convert|287.8|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} full load

185|ft|m|abbr=on}} oa

19|ft|m|abbr=on}}

Ship height=

7|ft|m|abbr=on}}

4200|hp|0|abbr=on}}

Ship propulsion=*2 × triple-expansion steam engines

2 × water-tube boilers
2 shafts

27|kn|lk=in}}

Ship range=

Ship complement=

Ship sensors=

Ship EW=

Ship armament=*1 × 12 pounder gun

3 (later 5) × 6 pounder guns
3 (later 2) × torpedo tubes

Ship armour=

Ship notes=
}}

Two Daring-class destroyers were the very first torpedo boat destroyers ("TBDs") to be ordered for the Royal Navy, the order being placed on 27 June 1892.

Background

The invention of the self-propelled torpedo by Robert Whitehead and Austrian Navy Captain Giovanni Luppis in 1866, combined with the introduction of small fast torpedo boats (invented by John Ericsson in the late 19th century{{Fact|date=April 2008}}) posed a threat to battleships: large numbers of torpedo boats could overwhelm a battleship's defences and sink it, or distract the battleship and make it vulnerable to opposing capital ships. Torpedo boats proved devastatingly effective in the 1891 Chilean Civil War.

The defence against torpedo boats was clear: small warships accompanying the fleet that could screen and protect it from attack by torpedo boats. Several European navies developed vessels variously known as torpedo boat "catchers", "hunters" and "destroyers", while the Royal Navy itself operated torpedo gunboats. However, the early designs lacked the range and speed to keep up with the fleet they were supposed to protect. In 1892, the Third Sea Lord, Rear Admiral Jackie Fisher ordered the development of a new type of ships equipped with the then novel water-tube boilers and quick-firing small calibre guns.

Orders

Six ships to the specifications circulated by the Admiralty were ordered initially, comprising three different designs each produced by a different shipbuilder:

{{HMS|Daring|1893|6}} and {{HMS|Decoy|1894|6}} from John I. Thornycroft & Company
{{HMS|Havock|1893|6}} and {{HMS|Hornet|1893|6}} from Yarrows (the {{sclass-|Havock|destroyer|4}})
{{HMS|Ferret|1893|6}} and {{HMS|Lynx|1894|6}} from Laird, Son & Company (the {{sclass-|Ferret|destroyer|4}})

Design

These boats all featured a turtleback (i.e. rounded) forecastle that was characteristic of early British TBDs. All six of them were removed from service and disposed of by the end of 1912, and thus were not affected by the Admiralty decision in 1913 to group all the surviving 27-knot and 30-knot destroyers (which had followed on these six 26-knot vessels) into four heterogeneous classes, labelled "A", "B", "C" and "D" classes.

{{HMS|Daring|1893|2}} and {{HMS|Decoy|1894|2}} were both built by Thornycroft, displaced 260 tons (287.8 tons full load) and were {{convert|185|ft|m}} in length. They were armed with one 12-pounder gun and three 6-pounder guns, with one fixed 18-in torpedo tube in the bow plus two more torpedo tubes on a revolving mount abaft the two funnels. Later the bow torpedo tube was removed and two more 6-pounder guns added instead. They produced {{convert|4,200|hp|lk=in|abbr=on}} from a pair of Thornycroft water-tube boilers, giving them a top speed of 27 knots. In common with subsequent early Thornycroft boats, they had sloping sterns and double rudders.^[1]

References

1. ^¹Lyon (1996), pp.40-41.

Sources

{{cite book

|last=Lyon |first=David
|title=The First Destroyers
|year=1996
|isbn=1-84067-364-8
|ref=Lyon, The First Destroyers
}}

{{cite book

|title=The British Destroyer
|author=Captain T.D. Manning,
|publisher=Putnam and Co
|year=1961
}}{{Daring class destroyer (1893)}}{{A class destroyer (1913)}}

2 : Destroyer classes|Daring-class destroyers (1893)

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