| 词条 | Dassault Balzac V | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Dassault Balzac V was a French vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) testbed of the early 1960s. It was built by Dassault Aviation from a prototype Mirage III aircraft to test the configuration for the Mirage IIIV. The sole example was badly damaged during its second flight test accident and was not repaired. Design and developmentSince the Rolls-Royce RB162 lift engines specified for the Mirage IIIV were not expected to be available before 1963, Dassault modified the first Mirage III prototype to serve as an interim VTOL testbed. Eight Rolls-Royce RB108 lift engines were installed, each with an average maximum takeoff thrust of 9.83 kN (2,210 lbf). The Mirage III's SNECMA Atar G.2 propulsion engine was replaced with an unreheated (non-afterburning) Bristol Siddeley Orpheus BOr 3 with a thrust of 21.57 kN (4,850 lbf). The lift engines were grouped in tandem pairs around the aircraft's center of gravity on either side of the propulsion engine's intake duct, with each pair in a row separated by the main undercarriage wheelbays.[1] Operational historyThe Balzac V began tethered hovering on 13 October 1962 and achieved the first free hover only six days later, two months ahead of schedule. The first accelerating transition from vertical takeoff to horizontal flight took place on its seventeenth sortie on March 18, 1963. The aircraft crashed on 10 January 1964, on its 125th sortie, during a low-altitude hover. During a vertical descent the aircraft experienced uncontrollable divergent wing oscillations, the port wing eventually striking the ground at an acute angle with the aircraft rolling over because of the continued lift engine thrust. The loss was attributed to loss of control because the stabilising limits of the three-axis autostabilisation system's 'puffer pipes' were exceeded in roll. Although airframe damage was relatively light, the Centre D'Essai en Vol test pilot, Jacques Pinier, did not eject and died in the crash.[2] The aircraft was rebuilt, and resumed flight testing on 2 February 1965. On 8 September 1965, the aircraft suffered another fatal crash, once again while in a low altitude hover. The aircraft was being evaluated by United States Air Force Major P. E. Neale, as part of a Franco-American information exchange on VTOL programmes. Major Neale made an unsuccessful ejection outside the ejection seat's escape envelope. The findings of the accident investigation were never made public. It was speculated that hydraulic control difficulties coupled with excessive use of the lift engines resulted in fuel starvation and the flameout of all nine engines. Once again, the damage was not irreparable, but this time the aircraft was not rebuilt, as flight development of the Mirage IIIV prototype was already underway. The Balzac V gained its name from the co-incidence of its serial number (001) with the telephone number (BALZAC 001) of a well-known Paris movie advertising agency (Publicité Jean Mineur).[3] Specifications (Balzac V){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=both |ref=[4] |crew=one |length main= 13.1 m |length alt= 42 ft 11.75 in |span main= 7.3 m |span alt= 23 ft 11.25 in |height main= 4.6 |height alt=m 15 ft |area main= 27.2 m² |area alt= 292.78 ft² |empty weight main= 6,124 kg |empty weight alt= 13,500 lb |loaded weight main= 7,000 kg |loaded weight alt= 15,432 lb |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |more general= |engine (jet)= Bristol Siddeley Orpheus BOr 3 |type of jet= Cruise turbojet |number of jets= 1 |thrust main= 21.57 kN |thrust alt= 4,850 lbf |thrust original= |afterburning thrust main= |afterburning thrust alt= |engine (prop)= Rolls-Royce RB108-1A |type of prop= lift turbojet |number of props= 8 |power main= 9.6 kN |power alt= 2,160 lbf |power original= |max speed main= 1,104 km/h |max speed alt= 686 mph |max speed more= at sea level |range main= |range alt= |ceiling main= |ceiling alt= |climb rate main= |climb rate alt= |loading main= 257.3 kg/m² |loading alt= 52.7 lb/ft² |thrust/weight=1.12:1 in vertical flight |more performance= *Endurance: 15 minutes |armament= }} See also{{aircontent|related=
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1. ^"Balzac VTOL - Forerunner of the Mirage IIIV" Flight International, 2 August 1962, pp.174-175 2. ^"World News: Balzac Misfortune." Flight, 16 January 1964. 3. ^Fricker, John. "Mirage might have beens 2: Balzac - Dassault's first VTOL variant". Air International 45 (5), November 1993: pp. 268–274. 4. ^Green 1964, p. 520.
External links{{commons category}}
7 : Tailless delta-wing aircraft|French fighter aircraft 1960–1969|Dassault Group aircraft|Single-engined jet aircraft|Aircraft with auxiliary jet engines|Aircraft first flown in 1962|Lift jet |
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