| 词条 | David Morrison (astrophysicist) |
| 释义 |
|name = David Morrison |image = David Morrison SkeptiCal.jpg |caption = Lectures at SkeptiCal - April 21, 2012 - "This is the year the world will end - or is it?" |birth_date = {{b-da|June 26, 1940}} |birth_place =Danville, Illinois |residence = United States |nationality = American |death_date = |death_place = |field = Planetary science, astrobiology |work_institutions = NASA Ames Research Center, SETI Institute, NASA Lunar Science Institute, Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute |alma_mater = Harvard University |known_for = astrobiology, planetary exploration, search for extraterrestrial life, Near-Earth object detection, defense against asteroids, scientific skepticism |prizes = Dryden Medal, Sagan Medal, Presidential Meritorious Senior Professional }} David Morrison (born 26 June 1940) is an American astronomer, a senior scientist at the Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Morrison is the former director of the Carl Sagan Center for Study of Life in the Universe at the SETI Institute and of the NASA Lunar Science Institute .[1] He is the past Director of Space at NASA Ames. Morrison is credited as the founder of the multi-disciplinary field of astrobiology. Morrison is best known for his work in risk assessment of near Earth objects such as asteroids and comets.[2] Asteroid 2410 Morrison was named in his honor. Morrison is also known for his "Ask an Astrobiologist" series on NASA's website where he provides answers to questions submitted by the public.[3] He has published 12 books and over 150 papers primarily on planetary science, astrobiology and near earth object .[4] BiographyDavid Morrison was born in Danville IL on June 26, 1940. He attended elementary and high school in Danville and graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana in 1962 with high distinction in physics. He studied astronomy at Harvard University and received the Ph.D in 1969, with Carl Sagan as thesis advisor. Astronomical careerMorrison was Professor of Astronomy at Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii-Manoa from 1969 until 1988 He also directed the 3-meter NASA Infrared Telescope Facility of Mauna Kea Observatory[4]and served for two years as University Vice Chancellor for Research. His research accomplishments include demonstration of the uniform high surface temperature of Venus,[5]the discovery that Neptune He served as a science investigator on Mariner, Voyager and Galileo space science mission. He was on the faculty of the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii-Manoa from 1969 until 1988, when he joined the senior management staff of NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, CA. While on the faculty of the University of Hawaii, Morrison spent two sabbaticals at the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory of the University of Arizona in Tucson, and two assignments in space science management at NASA Headquarters in Washington DC. David Morrison has held a variety of senior science management positions at NASA Headquarters in Washington and at Ames Research Center in California. In Washington he was the first Program Scientist for the Galileo mission to Jupiter, where he was responsible for defining the mission objectives and recommending the instruments and science investigations that were selected for this mission. He also served as Deputy Associate Administrator for what is now called the NASA Science Mission Directorat.[11] At NASA Ames, he has been Chief of the Space Science Division, Director Space, and most recently the founding Director of the NASA Lunar Science Institute. His responsibilities included the major NASA missions Lunar Pathfinder, Kepler, and SOFIA Professional activitiesMorrison is author of leading college undergraduate texts in astronomy and planetary science. He is a popular public writer and lecturer, promoting a scientific and fact-based perspective about such topics as Emmanuel Velikovsky’s pseudocosmology,[12] the evolution-creationist conflict,[13] climate change denialism,[14] and the 2012 doomsday hoax.[15] As a science communicator, he frequently debunks myths of mystery planets. In interviews in 2011 and 2017, Morrison explained that he receives five emails a day about the Nibiru cataclysm, an apocalyptic hoax, which he initially expected to be a short-lived phenomenon but which "keeps popping up" and is the subject of an estimated two million websites.[16][17][18] He launched a YouTube video about the 2012 hoax telling the public that they have nothing to worry about. The video was briefly featured in the opening credits of the movie World War Z', based on the novel World War Z HonorsMorrison is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, of the California Academy of Sciences, and of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry; also a supporter (and member of the Advisory Council, since 2013[19]) of the National Center for Science Education. He is a Scientist Trustee of the California Academy of Science He has served as Councilor of the American Astronomical Society, Chair of the Division for Planetary Science of the American Astronomical Society, President of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Chair of the Astronomy Section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and both President of Commission 16 (Planets and Satellites) and of the Working Group on Near Earth Objects of the International Astronomical Union.[11] Morrison received the Dryden Medal for research of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Carl Sagan Medal of the American Astronomical Society for public Communication, and the Klumpke-Roberts Award of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific for his contributions to science education. NASA has also awarded him Outstanding Leadership medals twice as well as the Presidential Meritorious Rank.[11] In 2015, David Morrison received the American Astronomical Society's (AAS) Education Prize in recognition for his outstanding contributions to the education of the public, students and future astronomers.[20] PersonalMorrison is married to Janet Lee Morrison, retired medical information specialist, and lives near San Jose, CA Morrison has visited and photographed in some 60 countries on all the continents, ranging from the Arctic to the Antarctic, all across North America, Europe, and North Africa, and extensively in South and South-East Asia. He References1. ^{{cite news|title=David Morrison Joins SETI Institute|url=http://www.space.com/searchforlife/seti-institute-new-director-100614.html|newspaper=Space.com}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=The Spaceguard Survey: Report of the NASA International Near-Earth-Object Detection Workshop|bibcode=1992STIN...9234245M|publisher= Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions :: Ask an Astrobiologist :: NASA Astrobiology |url=http://astrobiology2.arc.nasa.gov/ask-an-astrobiologist/faq |publisher=NASA |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218170351/http://astrobiology2.arc.nasa.gov/ask-an-astrobiologist/faq |archivedate=2013-02-18 |df= }} 4. ^"Evaluation of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, as an Observatory Site," Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 85: 255 267, 1973 5. ^"Venus: Absence of a Phase Effect at a 2 centimeter Wavelength," Science 163: 815 817, 1969 6. ^"Temperatures of Uranus and Neptune at 24 Microns," Astrophysical Journal 179: 329 331, 1973 7. ^"Pluto: Evidence for Methane Frost," Science 194: 835 837, 1976 8. ^"lo: Observational Constraints on Internal Energy and Thermophysics of the Surface," Icarus 44: 226 233, 1980 9. ^"Surface Properties of Asteroids: A Synthesis of Polarimetry, Radiometry, and Spectrophotometry," Icarus 25: 104 130, 1975 10. ^"Impacts on the Earth by Asteroids and Comets: Assessing the Hazard” Nature 367: 33-40, 1994 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/2007/morrison.html|title=David Morrison Biography|publisher=NASA}} 12. ^"Velikovsky at 50” Skeptic Magazine 9, 2001 13. ^"Only a Theory: Framing the Evolution-Creation Debate”, Skeptical Inquirer Nov-Dec 2005 14. ^Disinformation about Global Warming”, Skeptical Inquirer Volume 34.2, March / April 2010 15. ^"Doomsday 2012, Nibiru, and Cosmophobia”{{cite web|title=Doomsday|url=http://www.astrosociety.org/2012/|work=Astronomy Beat }} 16. ^{{cite web|last1=Wolchover|first1=Nathalie|title=Believers In Mysterious Planet Nibiru Await Earth's End|url=http://www.livescience.com/33380-comet-elenin-planet-nibiru-doomsday-2012.html|website=Space.com|publisher=Life's Little Mysteries|accessdate=11 January 2017}} 17. ^{{cite web|last1=Guarino|first1=Ben|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/01/05/will-the-mysterious-shadow-planet-nibiru-obliterate-earth-in-october-no/|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=11 January 2017|title=Will the mysterious shadow planet Nibiru obliterate Earth in October? No.}} 18. ^{{cite web|last1=Selk|first1=Avi|title=Please stop annoying this NASA scientist with your ridiculous Planet X doomsday theories|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/11/18/please-stop-annoying-this-nasa-scientist-with-your-ridiculous-planet-x-doomsday-theories/|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=18 December 2017}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council|title=Advisory Council|website=ncse.com|publisher=National Center for Science Education|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810112828/https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council|archivedate=2013-08-10|accessdate=2018-10-30}} 20. ^"David Morrison Honored with AAS Education Award” Skeptical Inquirer Magazine Vol 9. N03, page 11,May/June 2015 External links
7 : Living people|American astronomers|American astrophysicists|Astrobiologists|1940 births|Fellows of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry|Harvard University alumni |
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