词条 | Dayr Aban | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| name = Dayr Aban | native_name = دير آبان | native_name_lang = ar | settlement_type = Village | image_skyline = Facade of House in Dayr Aban.JPG | imagesize = 200 | image_caption = Entrance to a house in Dayr Aban | etymology = The Monastery of Aban[1] | pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_mapsize = 200 | coordinates = {{coord|31|44|35|N|35|00|38|E|type:city_region:IL|display=inline,title}} | grid_name = Palestine grid | grid_position = 151/127 | subdivision_type = Geopolitical entity | subdivision_name = Mandatory Palestine | subdivision_type1 = Subdistrict | subdivision_name1 = Jerusalem | established_title1 = Date of depopulation | established_date1 = October 19–20, 1948[2] | established_title2 = Repopulated dates | unit_pref = dunam | area_total_dunam = 22,734 | population_as_of = 1945 | population_total = 2100[3][4] | blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation | blank_info_sec1 = Military assault by Yishuv forces | blank3_name_sec1 = Current Localities | blank3_info_sec1 = Tzora,[5] Mahseya,[5] Beit Shemesh,[5] and Yish'i[5] }} Dayr Aban (also spelled Deir Aban; {{lang-ar|دير آبان}}) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jerusalem Subdistrict, located on the lower slope of a high ridge that formed the western slope of a mountain, to the east of Beit Shemesh. It was formerly bordered by olive trees to the north, east, and west. The valley, Wadi en-Najil, ran north and south on the west-side of the village. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on October 19, 1948, under Operation Ha-Har. It was located 21 km west of Jerusalem. HistoryIn pre-Roman and Roman times the settlement was referred to as "Abenezer", and may have been the location of the biblical site Eben-Ezer.({{bibleverse|1|Samuel|4:1-11|NKJV}}).[6][7] Ottoman eraIn 1596, Dayr Aban appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had a population of 23 Muslim households and 23 Christian households;[8] that is, an estimated 127 persons.[9] They paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, olives, and goats or beehives; a total of 9,700 Akçe.[8] Victor Guérin described it in 1863 as being a large village, and its adjacent valley "strewn with sesame."[10] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 found that the village had a population of 443, in a total of 135 houses, though the population count included men, only.[11][12]In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Dayr Aban as "a large village on the lower slope of a high ridge, with a well to the north, and olives on the east, west, and north. This place no doubt represents the fourth century site of Ebenezer (I Sam. IV. I) which is mentioned in the Onomasticon (s.v. Ebenezer) as near Beth Shemesh. The village is 2 miles east of 'Ain Shems."[7] In 1896 the population of Der Aban was estimated to be about 921 persons.[13] British Mandate eraIn the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Dair Aban had a population of 1,214 inhabitants, all Muslims,[14] increasing in the 1931 census to 1534 inhabitants, in 321 houses.[15] In the 1945 statistics, the village had a total population of 2,100 Arabs; 10 Christians and 2090 Muslims,[3] with a total of 22,734 dunums of land.[4] Of this, Arabs used 1,580 dunams for irrigable land or plantations, 14,925 for cereals,[16] while 54 dunams were built-up (urban) Arab land.[17] Dayr Abban had a mosque and a pipeline transporting water from 'Ayn Marjalayn, 5 km to the east.[5] The village contains three khirbats: Khirbat Jinna'ir, Khirbat Haraza, and Khirbat al-Suyyag.[5] 1948, aftermathOn 4 August 1948, two weeks into the Second truce of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Hajj Amin al Husseini noted that ‘for two weeks now . . . the Jews have continued with their attacks on the Arab villages and outposts in all areas. Stormy battles are continuing in the villages of Sataf, Deiraban, Beit Jimal, Ras Abu ‘Amr, ‘Aqqur, and ‘Artuf . . .’[18] The village became depopulated on 19–20 October 1948, after a military assault during Operation Ha-Har.[2][19][20] Egyptian forces joined by local militias from Dayr Aban had fought alongside each other against the advancing Israeli army.[21] Through the second half of 1948, the IDF, under Ben-Gurion’s tutelage, continued to destroy Arab villages, including Dayr Abban on 22 October 1948.[22] After the war, the ruin of Dayr Abban remained under Israeli control under the terms of the 1949 Armistice Agreement[23] between Israel and Jordan, until such time that the agreement was dissolved in 1967.[24][25] The moshav of Mahseya was later established near the site of the old village,[26] on the land of Dayr Aban, as was Tzora, Beit Shemesh and Yish'i.[5] EtymologyThe prefix "Dayr" which appears in many village names is of Aramaic and Syriac-Aramaic origin, and has the connotation of "habitation," or "dwelling place," usually given to places where there was once a Christian population, or settlement of monks. In most cases, a monastery was formerly built there, and, throughout time, the settlement expanded.[27] Dayr Aban would, therefore, literally mean, "the Monastery of Aban."[1] GalleryReferences1. ^1 Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/293/mode/1up 293] 2. ^1 Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR20 xx], village #335. Also gives cause of depopulation. 3. ^1 Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 24 4. ^1 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 56 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Khalidi, 1992, p. 283 6. ^Conder, 1876, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme07pale#page/149/mode/1up 149] 7. ^1 Conder and Kitchener, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/24/mode/1up 24] 8. ^1 Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 119 9. ^Khalidi, 1992, p. 282 10. ^Guérin, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/22/mode/1up 22]-23, [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n336/mode/1up 323] 11. ^Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/151/mode/1up 151] 12. ^Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n953/mode/1up 145]: 150 houses, more than Socin 13. ^Schick, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n230/mode/1up 123] 14. ^Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n23/mode/1up 21] 15. ^Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 19] 16. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 102 17. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 152 18. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA447 447], note #211, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA461 461] 19. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA462 462] 20. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA466 466], note #13, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA493 493] 21. ^Heally Gross, Adamah Ahuvah, Jerusalem 2013, p. 51 (Hebrew) 22. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA355 355], note #85 Harel Brigade HQ\\Intelligence, ‘Daily Report for 22 October’, 23 Oct. 1948, IDFA 4775\\49\\3, for the destruction of Beit Nattif and Deiraban, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA400 400] 23. ^The 1949 Armistice Agreement between Israel and Jordan 24. ^Enlarged map showing Dayr Abban (Deiraban) in relation to the "Green-Line" 25. ^Larger map showing "1949 Cease-fire line" (Green-line) between Israel and Jordan (Hebrew) 26. ^Yalqut Teiman, Yosef Tobi and Shalom Seri (editors), Tel-Aviv 2000, p. 158, s.v. מחסיה (Hebrew) {{ISBN|965-7121-03-5}} 27. ^Al-Shabeshti, Diyārāt (Monasteries). Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links
2 : Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War|District of Jerusalem |
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