| 词条 | Deinbollia oblongifolia |
| 释义 |
| name = Dune soap-berry | image = Deinbollia oblongifolia Pipeline.JPG | genus = Deinbollia | species = oblongifolia | authority = (E. May. ex Arn.) Radlk. | synonyms = Hippobromus oblongifolius }} Deinbollia oblongifolia is a shrub or small tree in the family Sapindaceae. It is commonly known as the dune soap-berry and is found in coastal vegetation from the Eastern Cape of South Africa, through KwaZulu-Natal[1] to southern Mozambique and Swaziland. It is named after Peter Vogelius Deinboll (1783-1876), a Danish botanist and plant collector. DescriptionThese plants can grow up to 9 m tall.[1] The stem often branches low down and the bark is grey brown. The leaves are compound, up to 500 mm long and clustered at the ends of the branches.[1] The flowers are white,[1] or cream[2] and produced on branched flowering heads at the ends of the branches.[1] The fruit are rounded; green and velvety when young to yellow and smooth when ripe.[1] The dune soap-berry may be confused with a young forest mahogany (Trichilia dregeana) because of the similar shaped compound leaves, however the dune soap-berry has paler green slightly matt leaves compared to the forest mahogany, which has a darker green leaf that is slightly more glossy.[2] The leaves of the dune soap-berry are also hard textured (when mature) and not held flat as in Trichilia dregeana.[1] UsesThe fruit is eaten by people.[1][2] The leaves can be eaten as spinach, and the seeds can be lathered in water and used as soap (hence the name "soap-berry").[2] The roots are used in traditional Zulu medicine for stomach complaints.[1] These shrubs are also valuable garden plants, especially in wildlife gardens.[2] Ecological significanceThe flowers attract hordes of insects[3] including; moths, butterflies, bees, wasps, ants[1] and beetles. The leaves are fed on by the larvae of several butterflies, including; gold-banded forester (Euphaedra neophron), forest queen (Euxanthe wakefieldi) and the purple-brown hairstreak (Hypolycaena philippus).[4] Various Deudorix butterfly species' larvae also feed on these trees,[3] including the larvae of the black-and-orange playboy (Deudorix dariaves)[2] and the apricot playboy (Deudorix dinochares)[5] which both eat the fruits of Deinbollia oblongifolia. The larvae of the African peach moth (Egybolis vaillantina) also feed on the leaves,[5][6] and the fruit are also eaten by birds (including the sombre greenbul (Andropadus importunus)[2]) and monkeys.[1] Charaxes butterflies feed on the fermenting fruits,[2] and the green-veined charaxes (Charaxes candiope), pearl charaxes (Charaxes varanes), satyr charaxes (Charaxes ethalion), forest-king charaxes (Charaxes xiphares), white-barred charaxes (Charaxes brutus) and the Natal tree nymph (Sevenia natalensis) have all been observed feeding on the sap of Deinbollia oblongifolia.[5] Furthermore these trees are browsed by game animals.[1] Gallery{{Gallery|title= |footer= |width=240 |lines=2 |Image:Deinbollia_oblongifolia_leaves.JPG|Compound leaves |Image:Deinbollia_oblongifolia_29_06_2010.JPG|Compound leaves |Image:Deinbollia_oblongifolia_fruit_Athlone.JPG|Fruit and branches |Image:Deinbollia_oblongifolia2_green_fruit_29_06_2010.JPG|Green fruit |Image:Deinbollia_oblongifolia_fruit_14_11_2010.JPG|Ripe fruit |Image:Ac_Pipeline_11_05_2010.JPG|Telchinia encedon on flowers of Deinbollia oblongifolia |Image:CPB_1_Pipeline_11_05_2010.JPG|Leptotes pirithous on the flowers }} References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pooley, E. (1993). The Complete Field Guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei. {{ISBN|0-620-17697-0}}. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nichols, G (2009). Dune Soap-berry Deinbollia oblongifolia: http://www.birdinfo.co.za/botanical/fruit/52_deinbollia_oblongifolia.htm, retrieved 3 January 2011. 3. ^1 Quickelberge, C. (1986). A Wildlife Handbook; Familiar South African Butterflies. {{ISBN|0-949966-95-9}} 4. ^Williams, M. (1994). Butterflies of Southern Africa; A Field Guide. {{ISBN|1-86812-516-5}} 5. ^1 2 Biodiversity data provided by: Data contributors to the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA) (list of contributors accessible here: http://sabca.adu.org.za/thanks.php), a joint project of the South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, and the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa (accessed via SABCA’s online virtual museum, {{cite web |url=http://sabca.adu.org.za/vm_redirect.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-01-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118025209/http://sabca.adu.org.za/vm_redirect.php |archivedate=18 January 2011 |df=dmy-all }}, 3 January 2010). 6. ^Boon, R. (2010). Pooley's Trees of Eastern South Africa; A Complete Guide. {{ISBN|978-0-620-46019-4}}. See also
4 : Sapindaceae|Trees of Africa|Flora of Southern Africa|Plants used in traditional African medicine |
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