“Deir Ghazaleh”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Deir Ghazaleh ({{lang-ar|دير غزالة}}) is a Palestinian village in the northern West Bank, located nine kilometers northeast of Jenin in the Jenin Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Deir Ghazaleh had a population of over 850 inhabitants in mid-year 2006,^[2] mostly Muslims with a large Christian minority.

History

Ottoman era

Deir Ghazaleh was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and by the 1596 tax register it was part of nahiya (subdistrict) of Jinin under the liwa' (district) of Lajjun, with a population of 5 Muslim households. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, beehives and/or goats, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 3,000 akçe.^[4]

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Deir Ghuzal as one of a range of villages round a height, the other villages being named as Beit Qad, Fuku'a, Deir Abu Da'if and Araneh,^[5] located in the District of Jenin, also called Haritheh esh-Shemaliyeh.^[6]

In 1870 Victor Guérin found it have about fifteen houses, bordered by several antiquated cisterns and silos.^[7]

In 1882 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine found that it resembled Deir Abu Da'if, and that "the ground round it is partly rock, partly arable land."^[8]

They further noted a ruin, one mile to the south east of the village, "It is firmly bedded into the earth, which contains fragments of pottery, apparently ancient. The stone seems to have been packed with smaller ones round its base to keep it in position, as found by excavation. The stones are very heavy, and the construction of this monument must have been a considerable labour. It somewhat resembles the vinevard towers existing in other parts of Palestine; but fallen stones sufficient for such a structure were not observed, and there is no reason to suppose it to have ever consisted of more than two courses."^[9]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the village had a population of 134; 120 Muslims and 14 Christians,^[10] where the Christians were all Orthodox,^[11] increasing slightly in the 1931 census to 186; 169 Muslims and 17 Christians, with 34 houses.^[12]

In 1944/5 statistics the population was 270; 240 Muslims and 30 Christians,^[13] with a total of 6,588 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.^[14] Of this, 160 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 4,917 dunams were for cereals,^[15] while 6 dunams were built-up (urban) land.^[16]

Jordanian era

In 1961, the population of Deir Ghazzala was 493,^[17] of whom 29 were Christian.^[18]

Post-1967

Deir Ghazaleh has been under Israeli occupation along with the rest of the West Bank after the 1967 Six-Day War, and according to the Israeli census of that year, the population of Deir Ghazzala stood at 494, of whom 163 were registered as having come from Israel.^[19]

Water sources

The main source of water is the large groundwater aquifer underlying the West Bank.^[20] A well on the outskirts of the village, called the Abu ´Ahed well, supplies water to the village and surrounding communities.^[21]

Education and culture

A library was established in Deir Ghazaleh under the auspices of the Program for the Social Empowerment of Rural Women.^[22] The Deir Ghazaleh Women’s club, established in 1997, offers training course and workshops for local women.^[23]

References

1. ^Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/160/mode/1up 160]
2. ^Projected Mid -Year Population for Jenin Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920093125/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop01.aspx |date=September 20, 2008 }} Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
3. ^Dauphin, 1998, p. 783
4. ^Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 160
5. ^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n174/mode/1up 157]
6. ^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/130/mode/1up 2nd app, p. 130], no 8
7. ^Guérin, 1874, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/337/mode/1up 337]
8. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/83/mode/1up 83]
9. ^¹Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/115/mode/1up 115]-116
10. ^Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n31/mode/1up 29]
11. ^Barron, 1923, Table XV, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n49/mode/1up 47]
12. ^Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 67]
13. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 16
14. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 54
15. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 98
16. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 148
17. ^Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 25
18. ^Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, pp. 115-116 Note typo: places Deir Ghazzala in Jerusalem District
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf |title=The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version |author=Perlmann, Joel |date=November 2011 – February 2012 |website=Levy Economics Institute |publisher= |access-date=28 January 2018 |quote=}}
20. ^PMC - Permanent Issues - Water
21. ^Field Reports: Occupied Palestinian Territory, OPT: Water and Sanitation, Hygiene Monitoring Project - Summary Report # 8 (Jan, Feb, and Mar 2004)
22. ^PARC Agricultural Development Association
23. ^The Rural Women's Development Society