| 词条 | Hyperventilation |
| 释义 |
| name = Hyperventilation | synonyms = Overbreathing | field = Pulmonology | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }}Hyperventilation occurs when the rate or tidal volume of breathing eliminates more carbon dioxide than the body can produce.[1][2][3] This leads to hypocapnia, a reduced concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood. The body normally attempts to compensate for this homeostatically but if this fails or is overridden, the blood pH will rise, leading to respiratory alkalosis. The symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include: dizziness, tingling in the lips, hands or feet, headache, weakness, fainting and seizures. In extreme cases it may cause carpopedal spasms, a flapping and contraction of the hands and feet.[3][4] Factors that may induce or sustain[2] hyperventilation include: physiological stress, anxiety or panic disorder, high altitude, head injury, stroke, respiratory disorders such as asthma, pneumonia or hyperventilation syndrome,[5] cardiovascular problems such as pulmonary embolisms, anemia, an incorrectly calibrated medical respirator[1][3] and adverse reactions to certain drugs. Hyperventilation can also be induced intentionally to achieve an altered state of consciousness such as in the choking game, or in an attempt to extend a breath-hold dive. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Guyton|first1=Arthur C.|last2=Hall|first2=John E.|title=Textbook of medical physiology|date=2005|publisher=W.B. Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=0-7216-0240-1|page=397|edition=11th}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Longo|first1=Dan |display-authors=etal|title=Harrison's principles of internal medicine.|date=2012|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0071748896|page=2185|edition=18th}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Brandis|first1=Kerry|title=Acid-base Physiology|date=30 Aug 2015|url=http://www.anaesthesiamcq.com/AcidBaseBook/ab6_2.php|format=Reviewed in 2006 by the American Thoracic Society|chapter=6.2 Respiratory Alkalosis - Causes}} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Byrd, Jr|first1=Ryland P|title=Respiratory Alkalosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/301680-clinica|publisher=eMedicine|date=5 August 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic270.htm |title=eMedicine - Hyperventilation Syndrome: Article by Edward Newton, MD |accessdate=29 November 2016 |work=}} External links{{Medical resources| ICD10= {{ICD10|R|06|4|r|00}} | ICD9= {{ICD9|786.01}} | MedlinePlus = 003071 | MeshID=D006985 }}{{Circulatory and respiratory system symptoms and signs}} 1 : Breathing abnormalities |
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