| 词条 | Democratic Left (Greece) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| colorcode = {{Democratic Left (Greece)/meta/color}} |name = Democratic Left |native_name = Δημοκρατική Αριστερά (ΔΗΜΑΡ) Dimokratiki Aristera (DIMAR) |logo = DIMAR logo.svg |logo_size = 220px | abbreviation = DIMAR | leader ={{ill|Thanasis Theocharopoulos|el|Θανάσης Θεοχαρόπουλος}} | foundation = 27 June 2010 | split = Synaspismós | merged = | headquarters = Plateia Viktorias 5, 10 434 Athens | ideology = Democratic socialism[1] Social democracy[1][2][4][5] Pro-Europeanism[3][4][5] | position = {{nowrap|Centre-left[6][7] to left-wing[4]}} | national = | international = None | european = None | europarl = No MEPS | seats1_title = Parliament | seats1 = {{Composition bar|1|300|hex={{Democratic Left (Greece)/meta/color}}}} | seats2_title = European Parliament | seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|22|hex={{Democratic Left (Greece)/meta/color}}}} | seats3_title = Regions[8] | seats3 = {{Composition bar|31|725|hex={{Democratic Left (Greece)/meta/color}}}} | website = {{URL|http://www.dim-ar.gr/}} | country = Greece }} Democratic Left ({{Lang-el|Δημοκρατική Αριστερά (ΔΗΜ.ΑΡ.)}}, {{transl|el|Dimokratiki Aristera}}, DIMAR) is a social-democratic[1][2][9][10] political party in Greece. DIMAR was a minority party supporting the Samaras cabinet from 21 June 2012 to 21 June 2013. HistoryFoundationDIMAR was founded on 27 June 2010 when the Renewal Wing platform of the left-wing party Synaspismós, a component of the Coalition of the Radical Left (Syriza)—among them MPs Fotis Kouvelis, Thanasis Leventis, Nikos Tsoukalis, and Grigoris Psarianos—exited Synaspismós at its 6th congress. They were joined by more than 550 individuals.[11] At a subsequent national conference of the Renewal Wing, 170 members were elected to national policy committee of the new party.[12] The first conference of DIMAR was held on 31 March – 3 April 2011. It elected Fotis Kouvelis as the party's leader with 97.31% of the vote.[13] On 22 March 2012, six MPs from the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) joined the party,[14] which raised the number of Democratic Left MPs to 10, the party was eligible to form a parliamentary group.[15] The minor party Free Citizens also joined the Democratic Left on 22 March 2012. 2012 elections and governing coalitionIn the May 2012 legislative election DIMAR received 386,116 votes (6.1%) and elected 19 MPs in the Greek Parliament, making it the seventh biggest party in the Hellenic Parliament. In the June 2012 legislative election, the DIMAR won 6.3% of the vote and 17 seats, making it the sixth largest party by seat count. It joined the Samaras cabinet with New Democracy (ND) and PASOK. In November 2012, the party decided to vote abstained/present to the labor market reform and "Midterm fiscal plan 2013-16" as part of the sixth austerity package negotiated with the Troika,[16][17] while they cast a supportive vote for the "Fiscal budget 2013".[18] As the party did not vote directly against the crucial reforms, it was afterwords possible to continue being a part of the three-party coalition government with New Democracy and PASOK. Following this political line however came at the price. Three of its MPs voted against the party line on the reforms, and consequently were asked to leave the party, thus reducing the party's number of MPs from 17 to 14. Democratic Left’s political charter has no paragraphs enabling for the exclusion of MPs from the party, but the three MPs being asked to leave were expected to follow the request, as they fundamentally disagreed with the party's political line.[19][20] In April 2013, two former Democratic Left MPs, Odysseas Voudouris and Paris Moutsinas, were expelled from DIMAR's parliamentary group after having voted against the coalition government's seventh austerity package.[21] They announced to form a new party, stating in a letter to party leader Fotis Kouvelis that their former party had "mutated" into a centrist one.[22] Back in oppositionOn 21 June 2013, DIMAR left the governing coalition with ND and PASOK in protest of the unilateral closure of the state broadcasting corporation, Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT) which was opposed by both DIMAR and PASOK.[23] The withdrawal left Samaras with a tiny majority with 153 New Democracy/PASOK MPs.[24] In the 2014 European elections on 25 May 2014, DIMAR's vote collapsed, with the party receiving less than one fifth of the popular support it had in the national elections two years before (1.20%, down from 6.25%) and failing to win any seats in the European Parliament. 2015 legislative electionsOn 4 January 2015 DIMAR announced it would contest the upcoming election in cooperation with the Greens.[25] In the 25 January 2015 legislative election, the joint electoral list received a mere 0.49% of the vote, thus failing to return any DIMAR MPs to the Hellenic Parliament.[26] On 30 August 2015, ahead of the forthcoming September snap election, PASOK announced an electoral pact with DIMAR, named the Democratic Coalition.[27][28] In the September 2015 legislative election on 20 September 2015, the PASOK–DIMAR list received 6.3% of the vote, and returned 17 seats.[29] Election resultsHellenic Parliament
European Parliament
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|first=Wolfram|last=Nordsieck|title=Greece|website=Parties and Elections in Europe |url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/greece.html|date=2015}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|author=Richard Clogg|title=A Concise History of Greece|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-YELAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA259|year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03289-7|page=259}} 3. ^{{Citation|first=George |last=Gilson |title=The rise of the left |newspaper=Athens News |date=18 December 2011 |url=http://www.athensnews.gr/issue/13474/51630 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120604053028/http://www.athensnews.gr/issue/13474/51630 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=4 June 2012 |accessdate=25 February 2012 }} 4. ^1 {{Citation |first=Damian |last=Mac Con Uladh |title=Where Greece stands |newspaper=Irish Times |date=3 November 2011 |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2011/1103/1224306979529.html |accessdate=15 March 2012}} 5. ^{{Citation |first=Nick |last=Malkoutzis |title=The Greek Crisis and the Politics of Uncertainty |publisher=Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung |date=November 2011 |url=http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/08570.pdf |accessdate=15 March 2012}} 6. ^{{cite book|author1=Claudia Wiesner|author2=Mieke Schmidt-Gleim|title=The Meanings of Europe: Changes and Exchanges of a Contested Concept|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cn6CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|year=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-45845-5|page=164}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Erol Külahci|title=Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2cVMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA105|year=2012|publisher=ECPR Press|isbn=978-1-907301-22-3|page=105}} 8. ^The counselors of the Regions. 9. ^1 {{cite book|author=Eleni Panagiotarea|title=Greece in the Euro: Economic Delinquency or System Failure?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYVMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|year=2013|publisher=ECPR Press|isbn=978-1-907301-53-7|page=7}} 10. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Bettina Davou|author2=Nicolas Demertzis|chapter=Feeling the Greek Financial Crisis|editor=Nicolas Demertzis|title=Emotions in Politics: The Affect Dimension in Political Tension|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ucTRAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA123|year=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-02566-1|page=123}} 11. ^"Syriza split creates new party", Kathimerini English Edition, 10 June 2010. 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.enet.gr/?i=issue.el.home&date=28/06/2010&id=177787|title="Δημοκρατική Αριστερά" με κριτική προς όλους - Έντυπη Έκδοση - Έντυπη Έκδοση Ελευθεροτυπίας|website=www.enet.gr|accessdate=15 December 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://portal.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathbreak_2_03/04/2011_386043 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120722015905/http://portal.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathbreak_2_03/04/2011_386043 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=22 July 2012 |title=Εκλογή Κουβέλη στην προεδρία της Δημοκρατικής Αριστεράς (Kouvelis elected president of Democratic Left) |date=3 April 2011 |publisher=Kathimerini |language=Greek }} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.e-typos.com/Post.aspx?id=10543&title=%25CE%25A3%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%2520%25CE%2594%25CE%2597%25CE%259C%25CE%2591%25CE%25A1%252C%25206%2520%25CF%2580%25CF%2581%25CF%258E%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BD%2520%25CE%25B2%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B5%25CF%2585%25CF%2584%25CE%25AD%25CF%2582%2520%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585%2520%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%259F%25CE%259A%2520|title=Στη ΔΗΜΑΡ, 6 πρώην βουλευτές του ΠΑΣΟΚ (6 ex-PASOK MP's to DIMAR)|date=20 March 2012|publisher=Eleftheros Typos|language=Greek}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_22/03/2012_434248|title=Arrival of new MPs gives Democratic Left parliamentary group|date=22 March 2012|publisher=Kathimerini}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_08/11/2012_468997|title=Greek Parliament passes new austerity package with tiny majority |publisher=Kathimerini (English edition)|date=8 November 2012|accessdate=8 November 2012}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathremote_1_08/11/2012_468974|script-title=el:"Ναι" στο πολυνομοσχέδιο από τη Βουλή|language=Greek |publisher=Kathimerini|date=8 November 2012|accessdate=8 November 2012}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_12/11/2012_469548|title=Greek coalition wins budget vote comfortably, waits for loan tranche |publisher=Kathimerini (English edition)|date=12 November 2012|accessdate=12 November 2012}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.athens24.com/news-article.html?news_id=2014|title=Democratic Left MP leaves party, goes independent |publisher=Athens24.com|date=23 October 2012|accessdate=12 November 2012}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_08/11/2012_469185|title=Upheaval in coalition parties after departures|publisher=Kathimerini (English edition)|date=8 November 2012|accessdate=10 November 2012}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.athensnews.gr/portal/8/58735|title=Small majority for austerity raises big doubts (in English)|publisher=Athens News|date=24 March 2013|accessdate=24 March 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125051055/http://www.athensnews.gr/portal/8/58735|archivedate=25 January 2013|df=}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.enetenglish.gr/?i=news.en.politics&id=488|title=Former Democratic Left MPs announce new movement|publisher=enetenglish.gr|date=1 April 2013|accessdate=17 May 2013}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/21/democratic-left-withdraws-greek-coalition|title=Democratic Left withdraws from Greek coalition government|publisher=The Guardian|date=21 June 2013|accessdate=23 June 2013|location=London|first=Helena|last=Smith}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_21/06/2013_505319|title=Greece coalition partner pulls out ministers in wake of ERT debacle [update] - Kathimerini|publisher=|accessdate=15 December 2017}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.efsyn.gr/arthro/prasinoi-dimokratiki-aristera-psifodeltio-tis-dimar |title="Πράσινοι - Δημοκρατική Αριστερά" το ψηφοδέλτιο της ΔΗΜΑΡ |author= |date=4 January 2015}} 26. ^{{cite web |url=http://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/v/public/index.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-01-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20150126122621/http://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/v/public/index.htm |archivedate=2015-01-26 |df= }} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/201034/article/ekathimerini/news/pasok-seals-vote-pact-with-dimar|title=PASOK seals vote pact with DIMAR - Kathimerini|publisher=|accessdate=15 December 2017}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/08/30/pasok-and-dimar-cooperation-in-greek-elections/|title=PASOK and DIMAR Cooperation in Greek Elections - GreekReporter.com|website=greece.greekreporter.com|accessdate=15 December 2017}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/09/21/greek-elections-official-final-results/|title=Greek Elections: Official Final Results - GreekReporter.com|website=greece.greekreporter.com|accessdate=15 December 2017}} External links
5 : Social democratic parties in Greece|Socialist parties in Greece|Political parties established in 2010|2010 establishments in Greece|Pro-European political parties |
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