词条 | Demographics of Karachi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
A person from Karachi is known as a Karachiite. MigrationWhereas most megacities in the developing world have grown out of rural-urban migration from the countryside not too distant from them, Karachi's demographics are the largely contributed by long-distance immigration.[4] Before the independence of Pakistan, Karachi already had a diverse mix of religions and ethnic groups. After the independence, most of the Urdu speaking Muslim refugees of the partition of India settled in Karachi. Likewise, a large number of Hindus left the city in 1947 due to Hindu-Muslim riots and settled in India. Predominantly Urdu speaking Muslim refugees known as Muhajirs formed the dominant ethnic group in Karachi. Muhajirs originated from different parts of India and brought with them their local cultures and cuisines, thus further adding to the already diverse mix of people that earlier inhabited Karachi.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} Currently, these older groups of people and continuing migration from different parts of Pakistan have contributed to a rich and diverse mix of people that live in Karachi. This has further been diversified with migration from other non-traditional countries such as by Arabs, people from different Middle Eastern countries, as well as Afghans and more recently from the Central Asian Republics.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} The city is also home to Pakistan's largest Jewish, Nestorian and Armenian communities.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} This has given the city a very metropolitan character, and has earned it the title as the melting pot of Pakistan.[6] Demographic history of Karachi{{main|Demographic history of Karachi}}
Karachi's inhabitants, locally known as Karachiites, are composed of ethno-linguistic groups from all parts of Pakistan, as well as migrants from South Asia, making the city's population a diverse melting pot. At the end of the 19th century, the population of the city was about 105,000, with a gradual increase over the next few decades, reaching more than 400,000 on the eve of independence. Estimates of the population range from 15 to 18 million,[7][8] of which an estimated 90% are migrants from different backgrounds. The city's population is estimated to be growing at about 5% per year (mainly as a result of internal rural-urban migration), including an estimated 45,000 migrant workers coming to the city every month from different parts of Pakistan.[9][10] The earliest inhabitants of the area that became Karachi were Sindhi tribes such as the Jokhio, Mallaah and Jat in the east and Baloch in the west and. Before the end of British colonial rule and the subsequent independence of Pakistan in 1947, the population of the city was majority Sindhi and Baloch Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs community numbering around 250,000 residents. The city was, and still is home to a large community of Gujarati Muslims who were one of the earliest settlers in the city, and still form the majority in Saddar Town. Important Gujarati Muslim communities in the city include the Memon, Chhipa, Ghanchi, Khoja, Bohra and Tai. Other early settlers included the Marwari Muslims, Parsis originally from Iran, Marathi Muslims and Konkani Muslims from Maharashtra (settled in Kokan Town), Goan Catholics and Anglo-Indians. Most Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India after independence of Pakistan. There are still small communities of Parsis, Goan Catholics and Anglo-Indians in the city. After the independence of Pakistan large numbers of Indian Muslims, mainly Urdu-speaking people, migrated to Karachi.[11] There is also a sizeable community of Marathi Muslims and Malayali Muslims in Karachi (the Mappila), originally from Kerala in South India.[12] The Marathi and Malayali Muslims in Karachi have intermarried with the other Muslims especially with Memon and Urdu-speaking Muslims and now have integrated into the wider Urdu-speaking Muhajir community.[13] The Pashtuns, originally from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Afghanistan, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and northern Balochistan, are now the city's second largest ethnic group after Muhajirs, these Pashtuns are settled in Karachi from decades.[14][15] With as high as 7 million by some estimates the city of Karachi in Pakistan has the largest concentration of urban Pakhtun population in the world, including 50,000 registered Afghan refugees in the city,[16][17] meaning there are more Pashtuns in Karachi than in any other city in the world.[18] As per current demographic ratio Pashtuns are about 25% of Karachi's population.[17] Ethnic groups{{main|Ethnic groups in Karachi}}The ethnic groups in Karachi include members from all ethnic groups in Pakistan, making the city's population a diverse melting pot. At the end of the 19th century, the population of the city was about 105,000, with a gradual increase over the next few decades, reaching more than 400,000 on the eve of independence. Estimates of the population are approximately 23,000,000, of which an estimated 90% are migrants from different backgrounds. The city's population is estimated to be growing at about 5% per year (mainly as a result of internal rural-urban migration), including an estimated 45,000 migrant workers coming to the city every month from different parts of Pakistan.[9] According to the community leaders and social scientists there are over 1.6 million Bengalis and up to 400,000 Rohingyas living in Karachi.[19] Religion{{Main|Religion in Karachi|Islam in Karachi}}According to a 1998 census of Pakistan, the religious breakdown of the city is as follows:[20] Muslim (96.45%), Christian (2.42%), Hindu (0.86%), Ahmadis (0.17%) and other (0.10%). Other religious groups include Sikhs, Buddhists, Parsis, Bahai, and Jews. Of the Muslims, approximately 73% are Sunnis and 27% are Shi'ites. TriviaStunned by Karachi's diverse demographics, the American political scientist and South Asia expert Stephen P. Cohen once stated that if Karachi's ethnic groups "got along well, it would be an amazingly complex city, a lot like New York."[6] See also
References1. ^World Population Review 2. ^1960, Monographs in the Economics of Development. Institute of Development Economics, Pakistan. 3. ^G Myrdal (1968), Asian Drama: An Inquiry Into The Poverty Of Nations. Pantheon Books. (3 volumes) 4. ^1 S J Burki (2004), Karachi: a unique mega city, [DAWN Newspaper|DAWN], 5 October. Retrieved on 7 January 2008 5. ^P Blood (ed.) (1994), Pakistan: A Country Study.PO for the Library of Congress. 6. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/201887/if-karachis-ethnic-groups-got-along-it-could-be-a-city-like-new-york-stephen-p-cohen/|title=If Karachi’s ethnic groups got along it could be a city like New York: Stephen P. Cohen|work=The Express Tribune|date=July 4, 2011}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91009748|title=The Urban Frontier—Karachi|publisher=NPR|date=2 June 2008|accessdate=17 January 2010}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2007/07/10/local5.htm|title=Karachi population to hit 27.5 million in 2020|work=Dawn|date=10 July 2007|accessdate=24 August 2010}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2006/01/16/letted.htm#1 |title=Karachi turning into a ghetto |date=16 January 2006 |work=Dawn |accessdate=24 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107043312/http://www.dawn.com/2006/01/16/letted.htm |archivedate=January 7, 2010 }} 10. ^Understanding Karachi and the 2015 local elections 11. ^{{Cite journal|last=KHALIDI|first=OMAR|date=1998-01-01|title=FROM TORRENT TO TRICKLE: INDIAN MUSLIM MIGRATION TO PAKISTAN, 1947—97|jstor=20837002|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=37|issue=3|pages=339–352}} 12. ^{{cite web|author=M R Narayan Swamy |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_where-malayalees-once-held-sway_4610 |title=Where Malayalees once held sway | Latest News & Updates at |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=5 October 2005 |accessdate=10 February 2014}} 13. ^The Malayalees in Pakistan 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2009/07/karachis_invisi.html|title=Karachi's Invisible Enemy|author=Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy|publisher=PBS|date=2009-07-17|accessdate=2010-08-24}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090825/FOREIGN/708249931|title=In a city of ethnic friction, more tinder|publisher=The National|date=2009-08-24|accessdate=2010-08-24|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116211443/http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090825%2FFOREIGN%2F708249931|archivedate=2010-01-16|df=}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/43827/the-pakhtun-in-karachi/ |title=Columnists | The Pakhtun in Karachi |work=Time |date=28 August 2010 |accessdate=2011-09-08}} 17. ^1 , thefridaytimes 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://archives.dawn.com/2009/02/10/local9.htm|title=UN body, police baffled by minister’s threat against Afghan refugees|publisher=Dawn Media Group|date=2009-02-10|accessdate=2012-01-24}} 19. ^Bengali and Rohingya leaders gearing up for LG polls 20. ^{{cite web|author=Arif Hasan, Masooma Mohiburl|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/pdfs/Karachi.pdf|format=PDF|title=Urban Slums Reports: The case of Karachi, Pakistan|date=2009-02-01|accessdate=2006-04-20}} Further reading
|list={{Karachi topics}}{{Karachi Towns}}{{Neighborhoods of Karachi}} }} 3 : Demographics of Karachi|Metropolitan areas of Pakistan|Demographics by city |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。