| 词条 | Hysteria |
| 释义 |
Hysteria colloquially means ungovernable emotional excess.[1] Generally, modern medical professionals have abandoned using the term "hysteria" to denote a diagnostic category, replacing it with more precisely defined categories, such as somatization disorder.[2] In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association officially changed the diagnosis of "hysterical neurosis, conversion type" to "conversion disorder". OriginWhile the word hysteria originates from the Greek word for uterus, hystera (ὑστέρα), the word itself is not an ancient one, and the term "hysterical suffocation" – meaning a feeling of heat and inability to breathe, was instead used in ancient Greek medicine. The Greeks believed that the uterus moves through a woman's body, eventually strangling her and inducing disease.[3] This suggests an entirely physical cause for the symptoms but, by linking them to the uterus, suggests that the disorder can only be found in women.[4] Historically, hysteria was thought to manifest itself in women (female hysteria) with a variety of symptoms, including: anxiety, shortness of breath, fainting, insomnia, irritability, nervousness, as well as sexually forward behaviour.[5] These symptoms mimic symptoms of other more definable diseases and create a case for arguing against the validity of hysteria as an actual disease, and it is often implied that it is an umbrella term for an indefinable illness.[4] One of the early definitive works on hysteria was Paul Briquet's study involving 400 hysterical patients from 1849 to 1859.[6] Modern conceptThrough to the 20th century, however, the label hysteria was applied to a mental, rather than uterine or physical, affliction. Hysteria is no longer thought of as a real ailment.[7] In modern usage, the term hysteria connotes mass panic (mass hysteria). Hysteria was often associated with events such as the Salem witch trials, or slave revolt.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} The term hysterical, applied to an individual, can mean that he or she is emotional or irrationally upset; applied to a situation that does not involve panic, it means that situation is uncontrollably amusing (the connotation being that it invokes hysterical laughter). See also{{Columns-list|
}} References1. ^{{Cite book|title=Counselling Skills for Working with Gender Diversity and Identity|last=Beattie|first=Michael|last2=Lenihan|first2=Penny|publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers|year=2018|isbn=9781785927416|location=London|pages=83}} 2. ^{{Cite book|title=Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology|last=Adams|first=Henry|publisher=Springer Science+Business Media|year=1984|isbn=9781461566830|location=New York|pages=319}} 3. ^{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Gender and Society|last=O'Brien|first=Jodi|publisher=SAGE|year=2009|isbn=9781412909167|location=Thousand Oaks, CA|pages=448}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Gilman|first1=Sander L.|last2=King|first2= Helen|last3=Porter|first3=Roy|last4=Rousseau|first4=G.S.|last5=Showalter|first5=Elaine|date=1993|title=Hysteria Beyond Freud|url=|location=Los Angeles|publisher=University of California Press|page=|isbn=}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title=The technology of Orgasm: ‘Hysteria’, the Vibrator, and Women’s Sexual Satisfaction|last=Maines|first=Rachel|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|year=1999|isbn=|location=Baltimore|pages=|quote=|via=}} 6. ^{{Cite book|title=Understanding Somatization in the Practice of Clinical Neuropsychology|last=Lamberty|first=Greg|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2008|isbn=9780195328271|location=Oxford|pages=5}} 7. ^{{cite journal|title=Women and Hysteria In Mental Health|last2=Fadda|first2=Bianca|date=October 19, 2012|journal= Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health|last3=Rappeti|first3=Mariangela|last4=Tasca|first4=Cecilia|last1=Carta|first1=Mauro Giovanni|pmc=3480686|pmid=23115576|doi=10.2174/1745017901208010110|volume=8|pages=110–19}}
Further reading
External links{{Medical resources| ICD10 = {{ICD10|F44}}, {{ICD10|F41.8}} | ICD9 = | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = | DiseasesDB = }}
6 : Symptoms and signs: Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour|Fear|History of psychology|Historical and obsolete mental and behavioural disorders|Emotions|Uterus |
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