| 词条 | Desmond Lardner-Burke |
| 释义 |
Desmond William Lardner-Burke ID (17 October 1909 – 1984) was a politician in Rhodesia. {{Infobox Officeholder| honorific-prefix = Senator The Honourable | name = Desmond Lardner-Burke | honorific-suffix = ID | image = Lardner-Burke.jpg | imagesize = | smallimage = | caption = | order = | office = Minister of Justice and of Law and Order | term_start = 1964 | term_end = 1976 | vicepresident = | viceprimeminister = | deputy = | lieutenant = | monarch = | president = | primeminister = | governor = | governor-general = | governor_general = | succeeding = | predecessor = | successor = | constituency = | majority = | order2 = | office2 = | term_start2 = | term_end2 = | vicepresident2 = | viceprimeminister2 = | deputy2 = | lieutenant2 = | monarch2 = | president2 = | primeminister2 = | governor2 = | succeeding2 = | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | constituency2 = | majority2 = | birth_date = 17 October 1909 | birth_place = Kimberley, South Africa | death_date = 1984 | death_place = Zimbabwe | nationality = | party = Rhodesian Front | spouse = | relations = | children = | residence = | alma_mater = | occupation = | profession = | religion = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} Early yearsDesmond Lardner-Burke was born in Kimberley in the Cape of Good Hope on 17 October 1909, and was educated at St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown. Lardner-Burke became a lawyer. He became a leading member of the Dominion Party,{{sfn|Mungazi|1998|p=113}} and in 1957 was a founder member of the Southern Rhodesian Association, of which he soon became leader.{{sfn|Bull|1967|p=20}} In 1962, this merged with Ian Smith's United Group and other organisations to found the Rhodesian Front,{{sfn|Rowe|2001|p=106}} of which he was a prominent member.{{sfn|Mungazi|1998|p=117}} Lardner-Burke was a supporter of white supremacy, and claimed to support the views of Cecil Rhodes.{{sfn|Todd|1972|p=66}} In 1971, he preached a sermon from the pulpit of the Cathedral of St Mary and All Saints, Salisbury, in which he claimed that Christ had never declared that everyone was equal, nor that everyone was entitled to equal treatment. He attempted to illustrate how Christian theology could be shown to support apartheid.{{sfn|Fynn|2009|p=}} At the Southern Rhodesian general election, 1962, Lardner-Burke was elected for the Gwelo constituency.{{sfn|Passmore|Mitchell|Willson|1963|p=165}} The Rhodesian Front formed the new government, and after a period on the backbenches,{{sfn|Young|1967|p=203}} Lardner-Burke was appointed Minister for Law and Order and Justice. In this role, he gave advice on which political detainees were suitable for release. He also acted as Leader of the House.{{sfn|Todd|1972|p=144}} The Times described Lardner-Burke as "...responsible for the harassment, arrest and detention without trial of tens of thousands of black nationalists, including President Mugabe, fighting against white rule in the 1960s and 1970s."[2] He first ordered Mugabe to be detained in December 1963, writing: "...whereas certain information has been placed before me and whereas due to confidential information which I cannot reveal, I am satisfied that you are likely to commit acts of violence throughout Rhodesia..." Mugabe spent the next eleven years in various prisons.{{sfn|Norman|2015|p=57}} Unilateral Declaration of IndependenceLardner-Burke held his seat at the 1965 general election, and was one of the signatories to the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI), signed in Salisbury on 11 November. Following the UDI, Lardner-Burke stepped up his struggle against militants opposed to the Rhodesian Front. He made the possession of "weapons of war" a mandatory capital offence, and to escape this punishment, those accused were expected to demonstrate that they did not intend to endanger life.{{sfn|Herbstein|2004|p=268}} In 1967, Michael Holman, a white student activist, published a poem criticising the Rhodesian Front's racial policy. For this, he was arrested, but a trial acquitted him of any crime. However, Lardner-Burke used his powers to immediately have Holman arrested and detained without trial.{{sfn|Mungazi|1998|p=173}} Lardner-Burke again held his seat at the 1970 general election, but stood down in 1974. By 1974, he had been given powers to "arrest without warrant and detain without communication anyone regarded as a threat to the 'public interest'".[1] The white Rhodesian Government was replaced in 1979, and in 1980 a government including Mugabe was elected. Lardner-Burke died in 1984 at St Anne's Hospital, Harare. Election of 2008In the run-up to the Zimbabwean parliamentary election, 2008, the Movement for Democratic Change opposition to Mugabe noted that Lardner-Burke's name appeared on the electoral roll for the Mount Pleasant suburb of Harare. They alleged that the presence of names such as Lardner-Burke's on the roll would permit Mugabe's ZANU-PF party to engage in electoral fraud by falsely claiming the support of dead people. Reports noted the irony of Lardner-Burke potentially posthumously assisting Mugabe in securing a further term as President of Zimbabwe.[2] References1. ^News Dictionary, Facts on File, Inc. (1974) [2]2. ^1 2 {{cite news|first=Jan |last=Raath,|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article3571706.ece |title=President Robert Mugabe 'raises the dead' to secure electoral victory in Zimbabwe|newspaper=The Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409090624/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article3571706.ece|archive-date=2008-04-09|date=18 March 2008}} }}{{refbegin}}
13 : 1909 births|1984 deaths|Alumni of St. Andrew's College (South Africa)|Justice ministers|People from Kimberley, Northern Cape|Rhodesian anti-communists|Rhodesian Front politicians|Signatories of Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence|South African emigrants to Rhodesia|White Rhodesian people|White South African people|Independence activists|White supremacists |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。