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词条 Development of the human brain
释义

  1. Conception

  2. Childhood and adolescence

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

Conception

DayEventReference
33 posterior commissure appears Ashwell et al. (1996)[2]
33 medial forebrain bundle appears Ashwell et al. (1996)[2]
44 mammillothalamic tract appears Ashwell et al. (1996)[2]
44 stria medullaris thalami appears Ashwell et al. (1996)[2]
51 axons in optic stalk Dunlop et al. (1997)[3]
56 external capsule appears Ashwell et al. (1996)[2]
56 stria terminalis appears Ashwell et al. (1996)[2]
60 optic axons invade visual centers Dunlop et al. (1997)[3]
63 internal capsule appears Ashwell et al. (1996)[2]
63 fornix appears Ashwell et al. (1996)[2]
70 anterior commissure appears Ashwell et al. (1996)[2]
77 hippocampal commissure appears Ashwell et al. (1996)[2]
87.5 corpus callosum appears Ashwell et al. (1996)[2]
157.5 eye opening Clancy et al. (2007)[4]
175 ipsi/contra segregation in LGN and SC Robinson and Dreher (1990)[5]

Studies report that three primary structures are formed in the sixth gestational week. These are the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain, also known as the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and the rhombencephalon respectively. Five secondary structures from these in the seventh gestational week. These are the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon which later become the lateral ventricles, third ventricles, aqueduct, and upper and lower parts of the fourth ventricle from the telencephalon to the myelencephalon, during adulthood.[6] The appearance of cortical folds first takes place during 24 and 32 weeks of gestation.[7]

Childhood and adolescence

Cortical white matter increases from childhood (~9 years) to adolescence (~14 years), most notably in the frontal and parietal cortices.[8] Cortical grey matter development peaks at ~12 years of age in the frontal and parietal cortices, and 17 years in the temporal lobes (with the superior temporal cortex being last to mature) for women and they have reached full maturity at age 16-17. For men, they become fully mature at age 18. In terms of grey matter loss, the sensory and motor regions mature first, followed by other cortical regions.[8] Human brain maturation continues to around 20[9] to 25[10] years of age.

See also

  • Brain development timelines
  • Development of the nervous system in humans
  • Evolution of the brain

References

1. ^{{cite journal |title=Normal Development of Brain Circuits |journal=Neuropsychopharmacology |volume=35 |year=2010 |pages=147–168 |doi=10.1038/npp.2009.115 |pmid=19794405 |issue=1 |pmc=3055433 |author1=Tau |first1=G. Z. |last2=Peterson |first2=B. S. }}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite journal |doi=10.1159/000113225 |year=1996 |title=Ontogeny of the projection tracts and commissural fibres in the forebrain of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii): timing in comparison with other mammals |journal=Brain, Behavior and Evolution |volume=47 |pages=8–22 |pmid=8834781 |issue=1|author1=Ashwell |first1=K. W. |last2=Waite |first2=P. M. |last3=Marotte |first3=L }}
3. ^1 {{cite journal |year=1997 |title=Development of primary visual projections occurs entirely postnatally in the fat-tailed dunnart, a marsupial mouse, Sminthopsis crassicaudata |journal=The Journal of Comparative Neurology |volume=384 |pages=26–40 |pmid=9214538 |issue=1 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970721)384:1<26::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-N|author1=Dunlop |first1=S. A. |last2=Tee |first2=L. B. |last3=Lund |first3=R. D. |last4=Beazley |first4=L. D. }}
4. ^{{cite journal |year=2007 |title=Web-based method for translating neurodevelopment from laboratory species to humans |journal=Neuroinformatics |volume=5 |pages=79–94 |pmid=17426354 |issue=1 |author1 = Clancy|first1 = B|last2 = Kersh|first2=B |last3=Hyde |first3=J |last4=Darlington |first4=R. B. |last5=Anand |first5=K. J. |last6=Finlay |first6=B. L. |doi=10.1385/ni:5:1:79}}
5. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1159/000115306 |year=1990 |title=The visual pathways of eutherian mammals and marsupials develop according to a common timetable |journal=Brain, Behavior and Evolution |volume=36 |pages=177–195 |pmid=2279233 |issue=4 |author1=Robinson |first1=S. R. |last2=Dreher |first2=B }}
6. ^{{cite journal|title=Three-dimensional sonographic evaluations of embryonic brain development|pmid=18096737 | volume=27 |issue=1 | date=January 2008|journal=J Ultrasound Med|pages=119–24|vauthors=Kim MS, Jeanty P, Turner C, Benoit B |doi=10.7863/jum.2008.27.1.119}}
7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Budday|first=Silvia|last2=Raybaud|first2=Charles|last3=Kuhl|first3=Ellen|date=2014-01-01|title=A mechanical model predicts morphological abnormalities in the developing human brain|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=4|pages=5644|doi=10.1038/srep05644|issn=2045-2322|pmc=4090617|pmid=25008163}}
8. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Imaging brain development: the adolescent brain|pmid=22178817|author=Blakemore, S.J. | doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.080|volume=61|issue=2|date=June 2012|journal=NeuroImage|pages=397–406}}
9. ^{{cite journal| pmc=2892678 | pmid=19699416 | doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.05.016 | volume=45 | issue=3 | title=Adolescent maturity and the brain: the promise and pitfalls of neuroscience research in adolescent health policy | year=2009 | journal=J Adolesc Health | pages=216–21 | author=Johnson SB, Blum RW, Giedd JN}}
10. ^{{cite journal| pmc=3621648 | pmid=23579318 | doi=10.2147/NDT.S39776 | volume=9 | title=Maturation of the adolescent brain | year=2013 | journal=Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat | pages=449–61 | author=Arain M, Haque M, Johal L, Mathur P, Nel W, Rais A, Sandhu R, Sharma S}}

External links

  • Translating Time — a website providing translation of brain developmental times among different species

2 : Embryology of nervous system|Developmental neuroscience
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