| 词条 | Ian Livingstone |
| 释义 |
| name = Ian Livingstone CBE | image = Ian Livingstone.jpg | caption = Ian Livingstone during the Bafta Awards 2006. | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|12|29|df=yes}}[1] | birth_place = Prestbury, Cheshire, England | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = Fantasy author, entrepreneur | nationality = British | period = | genre = | influences = | known_for = Co-creator for Fighting Fantasy gamebooks Co-founder for Games Workshop President and CEO for Eidos Interactive Co-author for Next Gen report }} Ian Livingstone CBE (born 29 December 1949[2] is an English fantasy author and entrepreneur. Along with Steve Jackson, he is the co-founder of a series of role-playing gamebooks, Fighting Fantasy, and the author of many books within that series. He is also one of the co-founders of prominent games company Games Workshop. Early lifeLivingstone attended Altrincham Grammar School for Boys, where, according to him, he only earned one A-level in Geography.[3][4] He has kept his close links with the school and has visited it on numerous occasions,[5][6] including to donate money for a refurbishment of the ICT suite,{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} and to present awards to GCSE recipients in 1998.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} CareerGames WorkshopLivingstone co-founded Games Workshop in early 1975 with flatmates John Peake and Steve Jackson.[7][8]{{rp|43}} They started publishing a monthly newsletter, Owl and Weasel, and sent copies of the first issue to subscribers of the recently defunct fanzine Albion; Brian Blume received one of these copies, and sent them a copy of the new game Dungeons & Dragons in return. Livingstone and Jackson felt that this game was more imaginative than anything being produced in the UK at the time, and so worked out an arrangement with Blume for an exclusive deal to sell D&D in Europe.[8]{{rp|43}} They began distributing Dungeons & Dragons and other TSR products later in 1975.[9] In late 1975, Livingstone and Jackson organised their first convention, the first Games Day.[8]{{rp|43}} Because they were selling products out of their flat, people would come looking for a store that did not exist; because of this they were evicted in the summer of 1976.[8]{{rp|43}} Under the direction of Livingstone and Jackson, Games Workshop expanded from a bedroom mail order company to a successful gaming manufacturer and retail chain, with the first Games Workshop store opening in Hammersmith in 1977.[10] In June of that year, partially to advertise the opening, Livingstone and Jackson launched the gaming magazine White Dwarf, with Livingstone as the editor. Livingstone picked the title, which had meaning for both fantasy and science fiction readers: a white dwarf could be a stellar phenomenon or a fantasy character.[8]{{rp|44}} Livingstone stepped down as editor of the magazine after White Dwarf #74 (February 1986).[8]{{rp|48}} In 1980, Livingstone and Jackson began to develop the concept of the Fighting Fantasy gamebook series, the first volume of which (The Warlock of Firetop Mountain) was published in 1982 by Puffin Books.[8]{{rp|46}} Livingstone and Jackson sold Games Workshop in 1991 for {{currency|10|GBP}} million.[10] The pair, together with Bryan Ansell, founded Citadel Miniatures in Newark to make miniatures for games. Livingstone has also invented several board games, including Boom Town, Judge Dredd, Automania, Legend of Zagor, and Dragonmasters.[18] Fighting FantasyIn 1982, Jackson and Livingstone co-wrote The Warlock of Firetop Mountain, the first book in the Fighting Fantasy series,[11] but following an instruction from publishers Penguin to write more books "as quickly as possible" the pair wrote subsequent books separately.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} The series had sold over 18 million copies as of 2017,[12] with Livingstone's Deathtrap Dungeon selling over 350,000 copies in its first year alone.[13] Livingstone wrote another twelve Fighting Fantasy gamebooks, including The Forest of Doom, City of Thieves and Caverns of the Snow Witch before marking the 30th anniversary of The Warlock of Firetop Mountain with a new gamebook, Blood of the Zombies, in 2012,[14] and with The Port of Peril in 2017 for the 35th anniversary.[12] Videogame industryIn the mid-1980s Livingstone did design work for video game publisher Domark; he returned to the company in 1993 as a major investor and board member. Livingstone later recounted, "After the success of Games Workshop, I retired, got bored, and invested in Domark to fund their cartridge development. I got in at just the wrong time - it was all going flat."[15] In 1995, Domark was acquired by the video technology company Eidos Interactive,[10] which had been floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1990, and formed the major part of the newly created Eidos Interactive. In 2005 Eidos was taken over by SCi and Livingstone was the only former board member to be retained, taking on the role of product acquisition director.[16] Livingstone secured many of the company's major franchises, including Tomb Raider and Hitman.[11] He contributed to the Tomb Raider project Anniversary (an enhanced version of the original Tomb Raider game), which was released in 2007.[16] In 2009, Japanese video-game company Square Enix completed a buyout of Eidos Interactive and Livingstone was promoted to Life President of Eidos, a position he resigned from in 2013.[17] In 2014 Livingstone appeared in the documentary feature film From Bedrooms to Billions (2014) a film that tells the story of the British Video Games Industry from 1979 to present.[18] Skills ChampionIn 2010 Livingstone was asked to act as the Skills Champion by government minister Ed Vaizey, tasked with producing a report reviewing the UK video games industry. The 'NextGen' report, co-authored with Alex Hope of visual effects firm Double Negative, was released in 2011;[19] Livingstone described it as a "complete bottom up review of the whole education system relating to games."[20] AwardsIn 2002, Livingstone won the BAFTA Interactive Special Award for outstanding contribution to the industry.[11][21] Livingstone was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2006 New Year Honours,[11][22] and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours both for services to the computer gaming industry.[23][24] In 2011, Livingstone received an Honorary Doctorate of Arts from Bournemouth University.[25][26] BibliographyFighting Fantasy
Fighting Fantasy First Adventures: Adventures of Goldhawk
Other Works
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/01804186/officers|title=Officers - Square Enix Limited}} 2. ^{{Cite book | title=You Are The Hero | last=Green | first=Jonathan | publisher=Snow Books | year=2014 | page=10 | isbn=978-1-909679-38-2}} 3. ^{{cite web |last=Yin-Poole |first=Weasley |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-01-14-what-ian-livingstone-did-next |title=What Ian Livingstone Did Next |date=16 January 2014 |publisher=Gamer Network |website=EuroGamer.net |access-date=17 September 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web |last=Admed |first=Emad |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/education/2017/08/generation-z-naturally-collaborate-games-legend-ian-livingstone-opening |title="Generation Z naturally collaborate": games legend Ian Livingstone on opening a school |date=7 August 2017 |publisher=New Statesman |website=NewStatesman.com |access-date=12 January 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.messengernewspapers.co.uk/news/business/10296700.Video_game_pioneer_returns_to_his_roots/ |title=Video game pioneer Ian Livingstone returns to his roots |date=18 March 2013 |publisher=Newsquest (North West) Ltd |website=MessengerNewspapers.co.uk |access-date=12 January 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.messengernewspapers.co.uk/news/whereyoulive/11132326.Old_Altrinchamians_Centenary_Dinner/ |title=Old Altrinchamians Centenary Dinner |date=12 April 2014 |publisher=Newsquest (North West) Ltd |website=MessengerNewspapers.co.uk |access-date=12 January 2018}} 7. ^{{cite journal | last = Livingstone | first = Ian | title = Editorial | journal =Owl and Weasel | issue = 3 | pages = 2 | publisher = Games Workshop | date = April 1975 | url = | doi = | id = | accessdate = }} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite book|author=Shannon Appelcline|title=Designers & Dragons|publisher=Mongoose Publishing|year=2011| isbn= 978-1-907702-58-7}} 9. ^{{cite journal | last = Livingstone | first = Ian | title = Editorial | journal =Owl and Weasel | issue = 6 | pages = 10 | publisher = Games Workshop | date = July 1975 | url = | doi = | id = | accessdate = }} 10. ^1 2 {{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-visit-to-the-fantasy-world-of-ian-livingstone-1162339.html | author=McGrath, Melanie | title=A Visit to the Fantasy World of Ian Livingstone | work=The Independent | date=2 June 1998 | accessdate=11 January 2018}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book | contribution=Amun-Re | title=Hobby Games: The 100 Best | last=Livingstone | first=Ian | authorlink= | editor-last=Lowder | editor-first=James | editor-link=James Lowder | publisher=Green Ronin Publishing | year=2007 | pages=9–12 | isbn=978-1-932442-96-0}} 12. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://shop.scholastic.co.uk/products/Fighting-Fantasy-The-Port-of-Peril-Ian-Livingstone-9781407181295 |title=Fighting Fantasy: The Port of Peril |publisher=Scholastic Ltd |website=Scholastic.co.uk |access-date=11 January 2018}} 13. ^{{Cite book | title=You Are The Hero | last=Green | first=Jonathan | publisher=Snow Books | year=2014 | page=33 | isbn=978-1-909679-38-2}} 14. ^Ian Livingstone, [https://twitter.com/ian_livingstone/status/125089525574795264 Twitter], 14 October 2011 15. ^{{cite magazine |title=Ian Livingstone |magazine=Next Generation|issue=28 |publisher=Imagine Media |date=April 1997|page=95}} 16. ^1 {{cite web|last=Boyes|first=Emma|title=Q&A: Ian Livingstone on 10 years of Lara|url=http://au.gamespot.com/news/6161633.html|website=Gamespot|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070126081824/http://au.gamespot.com/news/6161633.html|archivedate=26 January 2007|df=dmy-all}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2013/9/30/4787344/eidos-president-and-ceo-ian-livingstone-departs-after-20-years |title=Eidos President and CEO Ian Livingstone departs after 20 years |publisher=Vox Media, Inc. |website=Polygon.com |access-date=11 January 2018}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2404567/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast |title= From Bedrooms to Billions (2014) Full Cast & Crew |publisher= IMDb.com, Inc. |website= IMDb.com |access-date=11 January 2018}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nesta.org.uk/areas_of_work/creative_economy/skills_review|title=Next Gen. - Nesta|website=www.nesta.org.uk}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.square-go.com/feature/ian-livingstone---ei10-interview-1310|title=Ian Livingstone - EI10 Interview|last=Harris|first=Phil|date=11 September 2010|website=Square-Go|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005171623/http://www.square-go.com/feature/ian-livingstone---ei10-interview-1310|archive-date=5 October 2011|dead-url=yes|access-date=5 October 2011}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=The Special Award|url=http://www.bafta.org/awards/special,2365,BA.html|publisher=BAFTA|accessdate=1 January 2013|date=23 December 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031025654/http://www.bafta.org/awards/special,2365,BA.html|archivedate=31 October 2012|df=dmy-all}} 22. ^{{cite news|title=2006 New Year Honours List|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/30_12_05_hons.pdf|accessdate=1 January 2013|newspaper=BBC|date=30 December 2005}} 23. ^{{London Gazette |issue=60367 |date=29 December 2012 |page=8 |supp=y}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20860256|title=Tech visionaries make honours list|first=Leo|last=Kelion|date=29 December 2012|publisher=|via=www.bbc.co.uk}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Bournemouth University announces Honorary Doctorates|url=http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/newsandevents/News/2011/nov/contentonly_1_7036_7036.html|publisher=Bournemouth University|accessdate=1 January 2013|date=3 November 2011}} 26. ^{{cite web|title=Ian Livingstone OBE receives honorary degree from BU|url=http://media.bournemouth.ac.uk/about/news/2011/nov/ne014-ian-livingstone-honorary-doctorate.html|publisher=Bournemouth University|accessdate=1 January 2013|date=11 November 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121124233134/http://media.bournemouth.ac.uk/about/news/2011/nov/ne014-ian-livingstone-honorary-doctorate.html|archivedate=24 November 2012|df=dmy-all}} External links{{Commons category|Ian Livingstone}}
11 : 1949 births|British gamebook writers|Commanders of the Order of the British Empire|Dungeons & Dragons game designers|English fantasy writers|Fighting Fantasy|Games Workshop|Living people|People educated at Altrincham Grammar School for Boys|People from Prestbury, Cheshire|Role-playing game designers |
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