| 词条 | Diarrhena americana |
| 释义 |
|image = Diarrhena americana HC-1950.jpg |image_caption =1950 drawing[1] |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Monocots |unranked_ordo = Commelinids |ordo = Poales |familia = Poaceae |subfamilia = |genus = Diarrhena |species = D. americana |binomial = Diarrhena americana |binomial_authority = P.Beauv. 1812 |synonyms_ref= |synonyms=*Festuca diandra Michx 1803 not Moench 1794
|}}Diarrhena americana, also known as American beak grass or American beakgrain, is a native, perennial bunchgrass of North America.[2][3] Historically, Diarrhena americana was the only species of beak grass recognized in the United States; however studies have suggested that the known beak grass is to be classified into two distinct species, Diarrhena americana and Diarrhena obovata.[4] DistributionDiarrhena americana naturally occurs throughout the Midwestern United States, including in eastern Oklahoma and Missouri; south to Alabama; east to Kentucky, the Appalachian Mountains and northern Maryland; and north to southern Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and southern Michigan.[2][5][6]The grass plant lives in rich cove forests and woodlands, preferring to grow in the moist soils of shaded ledges and riverbanks.[7] It grows in rich, moist woodlands from Missouri to Maryland and south to Oklahoma and Alabama.[2] DescriptionDiarrhena americana is a bunchgrass that grows in {{convert|2|-|3|ft|m}} tall clumps. It has bright green leaf blades, that can grow up to {{convert|0.75|in|cm}} in width.[2]These perennial plants can grow flowers that grow above the foliage, with 3 inch tall floral spikes, during the early to mid-summer.[2][8][9][10] Culms range from {{convert|60|–|131|cm}} high. By late summer the flowers turn into hard, brown seed heads.[2] Each seed is reduced to a blunt beak, which is where the common name of beak grass comes from, and this beak is dispersed.[8] CultivationDiarrhena americana is cultivated as an ornamental grass, grown in traditional and wildlife gardens, and in natural landscaping projects.[8]It is considered an easy plant to grow and maintain, not needing much sun or water while generally being a tough plant. It will tolerate drought, heavy shade, competition from eastern black walnuts, and urban air pollution.[8] When available, the plant will grow into dense clumps in moist rich soils in full shade.[8] Seeds can be bought in stores and online.[9] ConservationDiarrhena americana is a listed endangered species in Maryland and Wisconsin, and a threatened species in Michigan.[3]See also
References1. ^Hitchcock, A.S. (rev. A. Chase). 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. Washington, DC. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Utah State University: Intermountain Herbarium|url=http://herbarium.usu.edu/webmanual/info2.asp?name=Diarrhena_americana&type=treatment|accessdate=June 5, 2010|archivedate=June 11, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611102823/http://herbarium.usu.edu/webmanual/info2.asp?name=Diarrhena_americana&type=treatment|deadurl=yes}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Diarrhena americana 'Beauv.' |url=https://mnfi.anr.msu.edu/abstracts/botany/Diarrhena_obovata.pdf|accessdate=May 30, 2009}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=A Revision of Diarrhena (Poceae) in the United States|url=http://collins.lternet.edu/sites/temperate.lternet.edu.collins/files/publications/Brandenberg_etal_1991_BTBC_0.pdf|accessdate=January 28, 2019}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=The Grass Manual on the Web.edu: Distribution map for Diarrhena americana|url=http://herbarium.usu.edu/webmanual/info.asp?name=Diarrhena_americana&type=map|accessdate=May 18, 2017|deadurl=yes|archivedate=April 28, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428042545/http://herbarium.usu.edu/webmanual/info.asp?name=Diarrhena_americana&type=map}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Beak Grass Diarrhena obovata|url=http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/grasses/plants/beak_grass.html|accessdate=January 28, 2019}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Diarrhena americana Beauv.|url=http://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=1485|accessdate=January 28, 2019}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Diarrhena americana|url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=k120|accessdate=January 28, 2019}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|title=Diarrhena americana (American Beak Grass)|url=https://www.plantdelights.com/products/diarrhena-americana?stale-link|accessdate=January 28, 2019}} 10. ^{{cite web |title=Diarrhena americana|url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=k120|accessdate=2014-04-25}} Sources
14 : Pooideae|Bunchgrasses of North America|Grasses of the United States|Grasses of Alabama|Native grasses of Oklahoma|Flora of the North-Central United States|Flora of the Northeastern United States|Flora of the Appalachian Mountains|Flora of the Plains-Midwest (United States)|Plants described in 1803|Taxa named by Palisot de Beauvois|Endangered flora of the United States|Garden plants of North America|Drought-tolerant plants |
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