| 词条 | Dicroidium |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = {{Geological range/linked|Late Permian|Triassic}} | image = Dicroidium odontopteroides.jpg | image_caption = Dicroidium odontopteroides fossil leaf, Late Triassic Molteno Formation near Birds River South Africa. | taxon = Dicroidium | authority = Gothan (1912) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision =
}}Dicroidium is an extinct genus of fork-leaved seed ferns that were distributed over Gondwana during the Triassic ({{Period span/brief|Triassic}}). Their fossils are known from South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, South America and Antarctica. They were first discovered in Triassic sediments of Tasmania by Morris in 1845.[4] Fossils from the Umm Irna Formation in Jordan indicate that these plants already existed in Late Permian.[5] DescriptionThe leaves are similar to those of modern ferns but like all seed ferns (Pteridospermatophyta) were thick and had substantial cuticles. Dicroidium differs from other seed fern leaves in having a forked rachis; giving the appearance of two fern leaves joined at the base. These plants had male and female reproductive structures. Following the form generic nomenclature of paleobotany, male pollen-bearing structures are separately named Pteruchus and the female structures Umkomasia.[6] Whole plant reconstructionsDifferent organs attributed to the same original plant can be reconstructed from co-occurrence at the same locality and from similarities in the stomatal apparatus and other anatomical peculiarities of fossilized cuticles.
References1. ^THE TRIASSIC TAPHOFLORA FROM PARANA BASIN, SOUTHERN BRAZIL 2. ^{{cite journal | title=Triassic fossil plant fragments from marine rocks of the Murihiku Supergroup, New Zealand| author=Retallack G.J.| journal=Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand| year=1985| volume=15 | pages=1–26| doi=10.1080/03036758.1985.10421741}} 3. ^Passo das Tropas, Santa Maria, RS Marco bioestratigráfico triássico na evolução paleoflorística do Gondwana na Bacia do Paraná. 4. ^{{cite book | title=Physical descriptions of New South Wales and van Diemens Land | author=Strzelecki, P.E.| publisher=Brown, Green and Longmans, London | year=1845 | pages=422 pp }} 5. ^{{Cite journal|author1=Patrick Blomenkemper |author2=Hans Kerp |author3=Abdalla Abu Hamad |author4=William A. DiMichele |author5=Benjamin Bomfleur |year=2018 |title=A hidden cradle of plant evolution in Permian tropical lowlands |journal=Science |volume=362 |issue=6421 |pages=1414–1416 |doi=10.1126/science.aau4061 }} 6. ^http://www.fossilmuseum.net/plantfossils/Umkomasia/Umkomasia.htm 7. ^{{Cite journal|title=Reconstructions of selected seed ferns|author1=Retallack, G.J. |author2=Dilcher, D.L.|journal=Missouri Botanical Garden Annals|year=1988|volume=75|pages= 1010–1057|doi=10.2307/2399379}} 8. ^{{cite journal | title=Reconstructing Triassic vegetation of southeastern Australia: a new approach to the biostratigraphy of Gondwanaland | author=Retallack G.J.| journal=Alcheringa| year=1977| volume=1 | pages=247–265| doi=10.1080/03115517708527763}}
3 : Triassic plants|Fossil taxa described in 1912|Pteridospermatophyta |
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