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词条 Dimorphite
释义

  1. Properties and applications

  2. References

{{Infobox mineral
| name = Dimorphite
| category = Sulfide mineral
| boxwidth =
| boxbgcolor =
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| formula = As4S3
| molweight = 395.88 g/mol
| system = Orthorhombic
| class = Dipyramidal (mmm)
H-M symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m)
| symmetry = Pnma
| unit cell = a = 11.24, b = 9.90
c = 6.56 [Å]; Z = 4
| strunz = 2.FA.10
| color = orange-yellow
| habit = Groups of pyramidal crystals
| twinning =
| cleavage = none
| fracture = brittle
| tenacity =
| mohs = 1.5
| luster = adamantine
| polish =
| refractive =
| opticalprop = Biaxial (+)
| birefringence =
| dispersion = strong
| pleochroism =
| fluorescence= none
| absorption =
| streak = yellow
| gravity = 3.59
| density =
| melt =
| fusibility =
| diagnostic =
| solubility =
| diaphaneity = transparent
| other = burns without residue
| references = [1][2][3]
}}Dimorphite, chemical name tetraarsenic trisulfide (As4S3), is a very rare orange-yellow arsenic sulfide mineral. In nature, dimorphite forms primarily by deposition in volcanic fumaroles at temperatures of 70–80 °C (158–176 °F). Dimorphite was first discovered in such a fumarole near Naples, Italy in 1849 by the mineralologist Arcangelo Scacchi (1810–1893). Since its discovery, dimorphite has been found in the Alacrán silver mine near Copiapó, Chile.[2] It has also been reported from Cerro de Pasco, Peru, and the Lavrion District Mines in Attica, Greece.[1]

Properties and applications

Dimorphite has two crystal forms, Α- and Β-. This property gives rise to its name, which comes from the Greek for "two" and "form." Dimorphite transitions between its α- and β- forms at around 130 °C (266 °F).[6]

Dimorphite can be synthesized by melting arsenic and sulfur together in the proper molar ratios in vacuum.[4]

Initial research indicates the possibility of using synthetic dimorphite in the development of gas sensors,[5][6] due to the semiconductive properties of dimorphite.

References

1. ^Dimorphite mineral information and data Mindat.org
2. ^Handbook of Mineralogy
3. ^Webmineral data
4. ^Wiberg, Egon, Nils Wiberg, and Arnold Frederick Holleman. Inorganic Chemistry. San Diego: Academic Press, 2001.
5. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Tsiulyanu | first1 = D. | last2 = Golbam | first2 = G. | last3 = Kolomeyho | first3 = E. | last4 = Melnic | first4 = O. | title = Photoconductivity and optical absorption of dimorphite thin films | journal = Physica Status Solidi B | volume = 197 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–64 | year = 1996 | doi = 10.1002/pssb.2221970110 |bibcode = 1996PSSBR.197...61T }}
6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Marian | first1 = S. | last2 = Potje-Kamloth | first2 = K. | last3 = Tsiulyanu | first3 = D. | last4 = Liess | first4 = H. -D. | title = Dimorphite based gas sensitive thin films | journal = Thin Solid Films | volume = 359 | issue = 1 | pages = 108–112 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00707-5 |bibcode = 2000TSF...359..108M }}

3 : Arsenic minerals|Sulfide minerals|Orthorhombic minerals

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