词条 | Dimorphite |
释义 |
| name = Dimorphite | category = Sulfide mineral | boxwidth = | boxbgcolor = | image = | imagesize = | caption = | formula = As4S3 | molweight = 395.88 g/mol | system = Orthorhombic | class = Dipyramidal (mmm) H-M symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | symmetry = Pnma | unit cell = a = 11.24, b = 9.90 c = 6.56 [Å]; Z = 4 | strunz = 2.FA.10 | color = orange-yellow | habit = Groups of pyramidal crystals | twinning = | cleavage = none | fracture = brittle | tenacity = | mohs = 1.5 | luster = adamantine | polish = | refractive = | opticalprop = Biaxial (+) | birefringence = | dispersion = strong | pleochroism = | fluorescence= none | absorption = | streak = yellow | gravity = 3.59 | density = | melt = | fusibility = | diagnostic = | solubility = | diaphaneity = transparent | other = burns without residue | references = [1][2][3] }}Dimorphite, chemical name tetraarsenic trisulfide (As4S3), is a very rare orange-yellow arsenic sulfide mineral. In nature, dimorphite forms primarily by deposition in volcanic fumaroles at temperatures of 70–80 °C (158–176 °F). Dimorphite was first discovered in such a fumarole near Naples, Italy in 1849 by the mineralologist Arcangelo Scacchi (1810–1893). Since its discovery, dimorphite has been found in the Alacrán silver mine near Copiapó, Chile.[2] It has also been reported from Cerro de Pasco, Peru, and the Lavrion District Mines in Attica, Greece.[1] Properties and applicationsDimorphite has two crystal forms, Α- and Β-. This property gives rise to its name, which comes from the Greek for "two" and "form." Dimorphite transitions between its α- and β- forms at around 130 °C (266 °F).[6] Dimorphite can be synthesized by melting arsenic and sulfur together in the proper molar ratios in vacuum.[4] Initial research indicates the possibility of using synthetic dimorphite in the development of gas sensors,[5][6] due to the semiconductive properties of dimorphite. References1. ^1 Dimorphite mineral information and data Mindat.org 2. ^1 Handbook of Mineralogy 3. ^Webmineral data 4. ^1 Wiberg, Egon, Nils Wiberg, and Arnold Frederick Holleman. Inorganic Chemistry. San Diego: Academic Press, 2001. 5. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Tsiulyanu | first1 = D. | last2 = Golbam | first2 = G. | last3 = Kolomeyho | first3 = E. | last4 = Melnic | first4 = O. | title = Photoconductivity and optical absorption of dimorphite thin films | journal = Physica Status Solidi B | volume = 197 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–64 | year = 1996 | doi = 10.1002/pssb.2221970110 |bibcode = 1996PSSBR.197...61T }} 6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Marian | first1 = S. | last2 = Potje-Kamloth | first2 = K. | last3 = Tsiulyanu | first3 = D. | last4 = Liess | first4 = H. -D. | title = Dimorphite based gas sensitive thin films | journal = Thin Solid Films | volume = 359 | issue = 1 | pages = 108–112 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00707-5 |bibcode = 2000TSF...359..108M }} 3 : Arsenic minerals|Sulfide minerals|Orthorhombic minerals |
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