| 词条 | Dinocrocuta |
| 释义 |
| name = Dinocrocuta | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Middle Miocene|Late Miocene}} | image = Dinocrocuta.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = D. gigantea skull cast, Zoologisk Museum |regnum = Animalia |phylum = Chordata |classis = Mammalia |ordo = Carnivora |familia = †Percrocutidae |genus = †Dinocrocuta |genus_authority = Schmidt-Kittler, 1975 |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision =
}}Dinocrocuta is an extinct genus of hyena-like feliform carnivores. It lived in Asia, and Africa, during the Miocene epoch. It had very strong jaws that were able to crush bones.[1][2] DescriptionSizeThe largest species, D. gigantea, is known to have reached head-to-body lengths and shoulder heights of 1.9 meters (6.2 ft) and 1.3 meters (4.3 ft) for the largest individuals, with total skull lengths of 43 cm (17 in)[3]. In terms of weight, it was originally stated to have weighed up to 380 kg (838 lbs)[4]. However, the method used has been known to overestimate the masses of extinct carnivorans. Smaller individuals, such as the holotype specimen, hit around 200 kg (441 lbs)[5]. Based off this smaller specimen, the largest specimens of this species would have reached weights close to 300 kg (661.4 lbs), which rivals the mass of the largest tiger sub-species, and is only exceeded by Smilodon populator, Panthera atrox, and several amphicyonids and ursids. The other species were smaller in size, but still quite large compared to hyena species alive today. DistributionDinocrocuta had a large range and ruled most of the Eurasia and some parts of Africa. D. gigantea ranged from Central China to Spain [6], and encompased areas imbetween, like Mongolia, India, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, Bulgaria, and Greece [7][8]. D. algeriensis managed to makes its way to North Africa, and D. senyureki originated in the Tibet region.[9]EcologyDinocrocuta was an exceptionally powerful predator and scavenger, capable of preying on animals much larger than itself. Though it is currently unknown if Dinocrocuta was solitary or social, it was probably an able hunter of such animals as the tusked rhinoceros Chilotherium. Chilotherium, despite its great size, was vulnerable to the giant feliform, particularly when it was giving birth, or was injured or sick. A skull and jaw from a female Chilotherium bears the distinctive bite marks on the forehead from a Dinocrocuta's teeth, indicating that the rhino was part of the carnivore's diet. The regrowth of bone on the rhino's injuries also indicate that the Dinocrocuta's attempt at predation failed, and that the rhinoceros fought off its attacker, managing to escape and heal.[10]. References1. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Tseng | first1 = Z. J. | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01095.x | title = Cranial function in a late Miocene Dinocrocuta gigantea (Mammalia: Carnivora) revealed by comparative finite element analysis | journal = Biological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 96 | pages = 51 | year = 2008 | pmid = | pmc = }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q5278579}}{{paleo-carnivora-stub}}2. ^{{cite journal|last=TSENG|first=ZHIJIE JACK|author2=BINDER, WENDY J.|title=Mandibular biomechanics of Crocuta crocuta, Canis lupus, and the late Miocene Dinocrocuta gigantea (Carnivora, Mammalia)|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=March 2010|volume=158|issue=3|pages=683–696|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00555.x}} 3. ^http://lacmvp.blogspot.com/2008/09/i-am-very-very-impressed.html 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Deng|first=Tao|author2=Tseng, Zhijie J.|title=Osteological evidence for predatory behavior of the giant percrocutid (Dinocrocuta gigantea) as an active hunter|journal=Chinese Science Bulletin|year=2010|volume=55|issue=17|pages=1790–1794|doi=10.1007/s11434-010-3031-9}} 5. ^https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/96/1/51/2447943 6. ^https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/71031113.pdf 7. ^https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257042588_The_Miocene_carnivore_assemblage_of_Greece?_sg=R2I-t3IJHl1WZYc8MOHQ4BOFKRGHPsVN8A32f-CzxjrE5KqX8sDUGA0V_T7tKP5EH8XVR_BMKuuAvaF7YZYjkDh-TMfrZuq-Ow 8. ^https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248616973_New_materials_of_Dinocrocuta_Percrocutidae_Carnivora_from_Lantian_Shaanxi_Province_China_and_remarks_on_Chinese_Late_Miocene_biochronology 9. ^https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Mitt-Bayer-Staatsslg-Pal-hist-Geol_42_0083-0101.pdf 10. ^http://www.eartharchives.org/articles/rhino-versus-hyena-skull-biting-in-extinct-predators/ 5 : Miocene feliforms|Hyenas|Neogene animals of Asia|Neogene animals of Africa|Fossil taxa described in 1975 |
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