| 词条 | Aldan, Russia |
| 释义 |
|en_name=Aldan |ru_name=Алдан |loc_name1=Алдан |loc_lang1=Yakut |image_skyline=Aldan station.jpg |image_caption=Aldan railway station |coordinates = {{coord|58|37|N|125|25|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=top |image_coa=AldanWapen.jpg |coa_caption= |image_flag= |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Sakha Republic |federal_subject_ref=[1] |adm_data_as_of=June 2009 |adm_district_jur=Aldansky District |adm_district_jur_ref=[1] |adm_selsoviet_jur=Aldan |adm_selsoviet_type=Town |adm_selsoviet_jur_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of1=Aldansky District |adm_ctr_of1_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of2=Town of Aldan |adm_ctr_of2_ref=[1] |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref=[1] |inhabloc_type=Town under district jurisdiction |inhabloc_type_ref=[1] |mun_data_as_of=April 2012 |mun_district_jur=Aldansky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref=[8] |urban_settlement_jur=Aldan Urban Settlement |urban_settlement_jur_ref=[8] |mun_admctr_of1=Aldansky Municipal District |mun_admctr_of1_ref=[1] |mun_admctr_of2=Aldan Urban Settlement |mun_admctr_of2_ref=[8] |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=21275 |pop_2010census_ref=[2] |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest=20892 |pop_latest_date=January 2016 |pop_latest_ref=[3] |established_date=1923 |established_title= |established_date_ref=[14] |current_cat_date=1939 |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes=678900–678902, 678906, 678909 |dialing_codes= |dialing_codes_ref= |website= |website_ref= |date=May 2010 }}{{Infobox |title=Aldan population |label1=2010 Census |data1=21,275[2] |label2=2002 Census |data2=24,715[4] |label3=1989 Census |data3=27,090[5] |label4=1979 Census |data4=20,173[6] }}Aldan ({{lang-rus|Алдан|p=ɐlˈdan}}; {{lang-sah|Алдан}}) is a gold-mining town and the administrative center of Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located in the Aldan highlands, in the Aldan River basin, on the stream Orto-Sala near its mouth in the Seligdar River, about {{convert|470|km|sp=us}} south of the republic's capital of Yakutsk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 21,275.[7] HistoryIt was founded in 1923[8] as Nezametny ({{lang|ru|Незаме́тный}}), after discovery of rich gold deposits. It was granted town status and renamed in 1939.{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} During World War II, an airfield was built here for the Alaska-Siberian (ALSIB) air route used to ferry American Lend-Lease aircraft to the Eastern Front.[9] Administrative and municipal statusWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Aldan serves as the administrative center of Aldansky District.[10] As an inhabited locality, Aldan is classified as a town under district jurisdiction.[10] As an administrative division, it is, together with two rural localities, incorporated within Aldansky District as the Town of Aldan.[10] As a municipal division, the Town of Aldan is incorporated within Aldansky Municipal District as Aldan Urban Settlement.[11] EconomyAldan remains a productive gold and mica mining center, largely avoiding the large drop in population suffered by most other towns in the Russian Far East in the years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. TransportationThe town stands on the A360 Lena Highway, which connects Yakutsk and Never, as well as on the partially complete Amur–Yakutsk Mainline railway. It is served by the Aldan Airport. ClimateAldan has the typical eastern Siberian subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) though it is affected by the Pacific Ocean more than localities in the lower Lena basin, which gives it much heavier rainfall during the summer than most of the republic, as well as a little more snowfall and rather less extreme winter temperatures – though still extremely cold for the latitude and as much as {{convert|10|C-change|F-change|disp=or}} colder than settlements actually on the Okhotsk coast. In spite of the less extreme winters vis-à-vis more northerly parts of Sakha, Aldan has never seen any day above freezing from 22 November to 7 March inclusive.{{when|date=March 2018}} Although winters are somewhat less extreme than Yakutsk, summers are actually somewhat cooler, and cloudier, than those northerly areas. The coldest temperature recorded in Aldan since the weather station was opened in 1937 has been {{convert|−48.7|C|F|disp=or}} on 4 January 1951 and the hottest {{convert|35.2|C|F|disp=or}} on 3 August 1969. February 1969, with a mean temperature of {{convert|−33.6|C|F|disp=or}}, has been the coldest month on record, shading the preceding January which averaged {{convert|−33.4|C|F|disp=or}}. The hottest month has been July 1941 which averaged {{convert|20.7|C|F|disp=or}}, the wettest August 2006 with {{convert|269|mm|in|2|disp=or}} of rain, and the driest March 1937 with only {{convert|2|mm|in|2|disp=or}} of water equivalent. {{Weather box |location=Aldan |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C = −2.5 |Feb record high C = −1.0 |Mar record high C = 9.1 |Apr record high C = 18.8 |May record high C = 27.4 |Jun record high C = 34.3 |Jul record high C = 34.4 |Aug record high C = 35.2 |Sep record high C = 25.8 |Oct record high C = 15.8 |Nov record high C = 6.1 |Dec record high C = −0.6 |year record high C = 35.2 |Jan high C = −21.9 |Feb high C = −18.1 |Mar high C = −9.3 |Apr high C = 1.0 |May high C = 10.6 |Jun high C = 20.3 |Jul high C = 22.6 |Aug high C = 19.2 |Sep high C = 9.8 |Oct high C = −2.4 |Nov high C = −14.6 |Dec high C = −21.2 |year high C = −0.3 |Jan mean C = −26.3 |Feb mean C = −23.3 |Mar mean C = −15.2 |Apr mean C = −4.2 |May mean C = 5.1 |Jun mean C = 13.9 |Jul mean C = 16.6 |Aug mean C = 13.4 |Sep mean C = 4.9 |Oct mean C = −6.4 |Nov mean C = −18.8 |Dec mean C = −25.3 |year mean C = −5.5 |Jan low C = −30.6 |Feb low C = −28.3 |Mar low C = −21.3 |Apr low C = −9.6 |May low C = 0.0 |Jun low C = 7.5 |Jul low C = 10.9 |Aug low C = 8.1 |Sep low C = 0.8 |Oct low C = −10.4 |Nov low C = −23.1 |Dec low C = −29.5 |year low C = −10.5 |Jan record low C = −48.7 |Feb record low C = −46.3 |Mar record low C = −42.0 |Apr record low C = −31.7 |May record low C = −16.0 |Jun record low C = −5.9 |Jul record low C = -0.8 |Aug record low C = -4.4 |Sep record low C = −16.1 |Oct record low C = −30.3 |Nov record low C = −44.9 |Dec record low C = −48.3 |year record low C = −48.7 |Jan precipitation mm = 27 |Feb precipitation mm = 24 |Mar precipitation mm = 29 |Apr precipitation mm = 36 |May precipitation mm = 71 |Jun precipitation mm = 82 |Jul precipitation mm = 108 |Aug precipitation mm = 105 |Sep precipitation mm = 94 |Oct precipitation mm = 68 |Nov precipitation mm = 42 |Dec precipitation mm = 32 |year precipitation mm = 718 |Jan rain days = 0 |Feb rain days = 0 |Mar rain days = 0.1 |Apr rain days = 4 |May rain days = 16 |Jun rain days = 19 |Jul rain days = 19 |Aug rain days = 18 |Sep rain days = 18 |Oct rain days = 4 |Nov rain days = 0 |Dec rain days = 0 |year rain days = 98 |Jan snow days = 27 |Feb snow days = 26 |Mar snow days = 23 |Apr snow days = 19 |May snow days = 13 |Jun snow days = 1 |Jul snow days = 0.03 |Aug snow days = 0.3 |Sep snow days = 10 |Oct snow days = 26 |Nov snow days = 27 |Dec snow days = 28 |year snow days = 200 |Jan humidity = 78 |Feb humidity = 76 |Mar humidity = 70 |Apr humidity = 62 |May humidity = 61 |Jun humidity = 63 |Jul humidity = 71 |Aug humidity = 75 |Sep humidity = 76 |Oct humidity = 77 |Nov humidity = 78 |Dec humidity = 78 |year humidity = 72 |Jan sun = 66 |Feb sun = 119 |Mar sun = 192 |Apr sun = 210 |May sun = 249 |Jun sun = 262 |Jul sun = 276 |Aug sun = 227 |Sep sun = 144 |Oct sun = 93 |Nov sun = 73 |Dec sun = 41 |year sun = 1952 |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net[12] |source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[13] |date=December 2011 }} ReferencesNotes1. ^Law #172-Z #351-III 2. ^1 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 3. ^Sakha Republic (Yakutia) Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения по районам республики на 1 января 2016 года {{ru icon}} 4. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}} 5. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}} 6. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1979Census}} 7. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=16}} 9. ^Igor Lebedev. Aviation Lend-Lease to Russia. Nova Publishers, 1997, pp. 44-49 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic 11. ^1 2 3 Law #173-Z #353-III 12. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/31004.htm| title = Weather and Climate- The Climate of Aldan| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)| language = Russian| accessdate = May 13, 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/31004.TXT| title = Aldan Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = May 13, 2015}} Sources
External links
3 : Cities and towns in the Sakha Republic|Cities and towns built in the Soviet Union|Populated places established in 1923 |
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