“Dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field

释义

Equations
Invariant latitude
See also
References
External links

The dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field is a first order approximation of the rather complex true Earth's magnetic field. Due to effects of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and the solar wind, the dipole model is particularly inaccurate at high L-shells (e.g., above L=3), but may be a good approximation for lower L-shells. For more precise work, or for any work at higher L-shells, a more accurate model that incorporates solar effects, such as the Tsyganenko magnetic field model, is recommended.

Equations

The following equations describe the dipole magnetic field.^[1]

First, define as the mean value of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator on the Earth's surface. Typically .

Then, the radial and azimuthal fields can be described as

where is the mean radius of the Earth (approximately 6370 km), is the radial distance from the center of the Earth (using the same units as used for ), and is the azimuth measured from the north magnetic pole (or geomagnetic pole).

It is sometimes more convenient to express the magnetic field in terms of magnetic latitude and distance in Earth radii. The magnetic latitude (MLAT), or geomagnetic latitude, is measured northwards from the equator (analogous to geographic latitude) and is related to by . In this case, the radial and azimuthal components of the magnetic field (the latter still in the direction, measured from the axis of the north pole) are given by

where in this case has units of Earth radii ().

Invariant latitude

Invariant latitude is a parameter that describes where a particular magnetic field line touches the surface of the Earth. It is given by^[2]

where is the invariant latitude and is the L-shell describing the magnetic field line in question.

On the surface of the earth, the invariant latitude () is equal to the magnetic latitude ().

References

1. ^{{cite book |last= Walt |first= Martin |title= Introduction to Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation |pages = 29–33 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |location = New York, NY |year= 1994 |isbn= 0-521-61611-5}}
2. ^{{cite book |last1= Kivelson |first1= Margaret |last2= Russell |first2= Christopher |title= Introduction to Space Physics |pages = 166–167 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |location = New York, NY |year= 1995 |isbn= 0-521-45714-9}}

External links

Instant run of Tsyganenko magnetic field model from NASA CCMC
Nikolai Tsyganenko's website including Tsyganenko model source code

2 : Geomagnetism|Space physics

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Equations

Invariant latitude

See also

References

External links