词条 | III Corps (United Kingdom) |
释义 |
|unit_name=III Corps |image=III corps.svg |image_size=140px |caption=Formation sign of III Corps during the Second World War.[1] |dates=First World War and Second World War |country={{UK}} |allegiance= |branch= British Army |type=Field corps |role= |size= |command_structure= |garrison= |ceremonial_chief= |nickname= |patron= |motto= |colors= |march= |mascot= |battles=Battle of the Marne First Battle of the Aisne Battle of La Bassee Battle of Messines (1914) Battle of Armentieres Battle of the Somme 1916 German retreat to the Hindenburg Line 1917 Battle of Cambrai 1917 First Battles of the Somme 1918 Battle of Amiens Second Battles of the Somme 1918 Battles of the Hindenburg Line The Final Advance in Artois Retreat to Dunkirk 1940 Greece 1944 |notable_commanders=Duke of Connaught Sir William Pulteney Richard Butler Sir Ronald Adam Ronald Scobie |anniversaries= |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_label=Corps formation sign during the First World War.[2] }} III Corps was an army corps of the British Army formed in both the First World War and the Second World War. Prior to the First World WarIn 1876, a mobilisation scheme for eight army corps was published, with '3rd Corps' headquartered at Croydon and composed of the guards regiments. In 1880 its order of battle was:
This scheme had been dropped by 1881.[3] The Stanhope Memorandum of 1891 (drawn up by Edward Stanhope when Secretary of State for War) laid down the policy that after providing for garrisons and India, the army should be able to mobilise three army corps for home defence, two of regular troops and one partly of militia, each of three divisions. The 1901 army estimates introduced by St John Brodrick allowed for six army corps based on the six regional commands (Aldershot, Southern, Irish, Eastern, Northern and Scottish).[4] From 1 October 1901, the Duke of Connaught held the dual commands of CinC Ireland and GOCinC III Corps.[5][6] Under Army Order No 38 of 1907, the title III Corps disappeared, but the Irish Command was constituted as a corps comprising 3rd Cavalry Brigade, 5th Infantry Division and 6th Infantry Division.[4] First World WarPre-war planning for the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) did not envisage any intermediate headquarters between GHQ and the six infantry divisions. However, on mobilisation the decision was made to conform to the two-division army corps organisation employed by the French armies alongside which the BEF was to operate and corps HQs therefore had to be improvised.[7] III Corps HQ was formed in France on 31 August 1914 under Sir William Pulteney, taking over 4th Division, part of which had already fought at Le Cateau, and 6th Division, which arrived in early September. It was first engaged in the First Battle of the Marne, and remained on the Western Front throughout the Great War.[8] First World War compositionThe composition of army corps changed frequently. Some representative orders of battle for III Corps are given here. As initially constituted:[9]General Officer Commanding: Major-General William Pulteney
General Officer Commanding: Lieutenant-General Sir William Pulteney
General Officer Commanding: Lieutenant-General Richard Butler
Second World WarDuring the Second World War, III Corps was formed in France under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir Ronald Forbes Adam to control forces of the British Expeditionary Force, after the expansion of that force had rendered control by just two corps headquarters cumbersome. The Corps was withdrawn from Dunkirk after the defeat of British forces by the Germans in May 1940. Second World War compositionOrder of Battle at Dunkirk:[13][14]GOC: Lieutenant-General Sir Ronald Forbes Adam
After commanding forces in the United Kingdom during late 1940, from the Old Rectory in Whitchurch, Shropshire within Western Command,[23] the corps was used for deception purposes. It eventually ended up being transferred to Persia and Iraq Command as part of the British Tenth Army, under General Sir Edward P. Quinan. It took command of a number of formations there, including the British 5th Infantry Division and the 56th (London) Infantry Division. On 16 October 1944 it became the headquarters for Lieutenant-General Ronald Scobie for operations in the Greek Civil War: at this point it received operational formations. Forces in Greece included 23rd Armoured Brigade.[24] On 17 December 1944 it was redesignated HQ Land Forces and Military Liaison (Greece). General Officers CommandingCommanders have included:[25] From 1901 to 1905 the commander of the troops in Ireland was also commander 3rd Army Corps.
Notes1. ^Cole p. 27 2. ^JPS card no. 18 3. ^Army List 1876–1881. 4. ^1 Dunlop. 5. ^Monthly Army List October 1901. 6. ^1 {{London Gazette |issue=27360 |date=1 October 1901 |page=6400}} 7. ^Official History 1914 Volume I p. 7. 8. ^The British Corps of 1914-1918 9. ^Official History 1914 Volume I Appendix I. 10. ^The 6th Division in 1914-1918 11. ^Middlebrook Appendix 1 12. ^The final advance in Artois 13. ^Official History 1939-40, Appendix I 14. ^Richard A. Rinaldi, Royal Engineers, World War II at Orbat.com. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204232852/http://orbat.com/site/uk_orbats/ |date=4 December 2014 }} 15. ^3 Corps 16. ^5 RHA 17. ^97 (Kent Yeomanry) Field Regiment RA (TA) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914172142/http://www.ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/field/page97.html |date=14 September 2013 }} 18. ^51 (Midland) Medium Regiment RA (TA) 19. ^56 (Highland) Medium Regiment RA (TA) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231349/http://www.ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/med/page22.html |date=3 March 2016 }} 20. ^54 (Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders) LAA Rgt RA (TA) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174410/http://www.ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/laa/page48.html |date=3 March 2016 }} 21. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20071122062316/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-scotland/vinf/ash-9dum.htm Regiments.org] 22. ^3 Survey Regiment RA 23. ^Newbold, p. 202 24. ^RAF/Journal_46_Seminar_N_Med_Ops_in_WW_II_Italy_Balkans_Greece.pdf 25. ^Army Commands {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf |date=5 July 2015 }} 26. ^{{London Gazette|nolink=y|issue=27676|page=3083|date=13 May 1904}} 27. ^William Pulteney at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 28. ^Richard Butler at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 29. ^{{oob person | id = 869 | name = Ronald Scobie }} References
External links
4 : British field corps|Corps of the British Army in World War I|Corps of the British Army in World War II|Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II |
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