Like all Spanish titles, it used to descend according to male-preference cognatic primogeniture. Therefore, it was held by several women. It now descends according to absolute cognatic primogeniture, meaning that the eldest child (regardless of gender) succeeds to the dukedom upon the death of the previous holder.
| Holder | Period |
|---|
| Created by Isabella I and Ferdinand V of Castile |
|---|
| I | Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba y Herrera | 1507–1515 |
| II | Elvira Fernández de Córdoba y Manrique | 1515–1524 |
| III | Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba y Fernández de Córdoba | 1524–1578 |
| IV | Francisca Fernández de Córdoba y Fernández de Córdoba | 1578–1597 |
| V | Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona | 1597–1606 |
| VI | Luis Fernández de Córdoba y Aragón | 1606–1642 |
| VII | Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Rojas | 1642–1659 |
| VIII | Francisco Fernández de Córdoba y Pimentel | 1659–1688 |
| IX | Félix Fernández de Córdoba y Fernández de Córdoba | 1688–1709 |
| X | Francisco Fernández de Córdoba y Aragón | 1709–1750 |
| XI | Ventura Francisca Fernández de Córdoba y Aragón | 1750–1768 |
| XII | Ventura Osorio de Moscoso y Fernández de Córdoba | 1768–1783 |
| XIII | Vicente Osorio de Moscoso y Guzmán | 1783–1816 |
| XIV | Vicente Osorio de Moscoso y Álvarez de Toledo | 1816–1837 |
| XV | Vicente Osorio de Moscoso y Ponce de León | 1837–1864 |
| XVI | José María Osorio de Moscoso y Carvajal | 1864–1881 |
| XVII | Francisco de Asís Osorio de Moscoso y Borbón | 1881–1924 |
| XVIII | Francisco Osorio de Moscoso y Jordán de Urríes | 1924–1952 |
| XIX | María del Perpetuo Socorro Osorio de Moscoso y Reynoso | 1952–1955 |
| XX | Leopoldo Barón y Osorio de Moscoso | 1955–1974 |
| XXI | Gonzalo Barón y Gavito | present holder |
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