“Duroville”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Duroville is the nickname for the former Desert Mobile Home Park located in Thermal, California. It is infamous for its poor living conditions, substantial poverty, predatory packs of wild dogs and rampant waste. Duroville garnered a great deal of attention, and which resulted in some aid to its residents. Conditions in Duroville were reported in the Los Angeles Times and The New York Times. It is one of several hundred trailer parks, both licit and illicit, catering to the same demographic of migrant farm workers in the region.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}

Location and condition

The trailer park sits on the Torres Martinez Indian Reservation, and is nicknamed for property owner Harvey Duro, Sr., a member of the tribal council. Duro set the park up after several other sub-standard trailer parks in the area were closed by authorities in Riverside County, and residents had no place to live.^[1] Duro was unable to obtain Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) approval for a lease for the site of Duroville, and received no financial or other assistance from the BIA in licensing or setting up the facility. The BIA channeled its efforts into an action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, asking that the trailer park be closed.^[2]

The trailer park, established in 1999, was adjacent to a smouldering dump, which is closed and has been subject to recurrent fires. About 4,000 migrant Mexican farm workers live in several hundred dilapidated mobile homes on {{convert|40|acre}}. The condition of the park, with its unsafe trailers, dangerous electrical wiring, faulty septic systems and predatory packs of wild dogs, has been the subject of national attention in recent years.^[1] An estimated 65% of residents, about 2,000 people, are Purépecha, an indigenous people from the Mexican state of Michoacán, many from the town of Ocumicho.^[2]

Litigation

Litigation brought by the Bureau of Indian Affairs to have the park closed and its residents relocated was unsuccessful. In a decision rendered on May 1, 2009 U.S. District Judge Stephen G. Larson ruled for benefit of the tenants, claiming that relocating them "would create one of the largest forced migrations in the history of this state." He went on to compare the resulting migration to Japanese-American relocations to Manzanar after the United States' entry into World War II. The court recognized the deficiencies at the park, removed Duro from its management and appointed a receiver.^[3]^[2] The federal district court retains jurisdiction and continues to review the matter.^[4]

Redevelopment

The district court judge, now retired, continues his interest in the community sometimes visiting the community. The court-appointed receiver, speaking in 2010, reported considerable progress in mitigating conditions, for example, 400 dogs were neutered or spayed and 145 adopted. Efforts by the community with outside assistance have greatly improved conditions, however, raw sewage still drains directly from a system of plastic pipes into an open lagoon. Riverside County plans to use federal and state redevelopment funds to facilitate better mobile home facilities nearby, collapsed in 2012 due to loss of funds resulting from the 2008–12 California budget crisis.^[5] California redevelopment agencies, which sometimes used funds for unnecessary projects{{which|date=June 2014}} but also for badly needed housing,{{who|date=June 2014}} had been shut down.^[6] Plans for relocation are further complicated by the illegal status of some of the workers and reluctance by the Purépecha people to break up their community.^[2]

References

1. ^¹{{cite news|title=Beside a Smoldering Dump, a Refuge of Sorts|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/us/21land.html|accessdate=May 28, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 21, 2007|author=Dan Barry}}
2. ^¹²{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-duroville-20100605,0,3290685,full.story|title=Illegal trailer park grows into a community: With forbearance from a federal judge and help from outsiders, Duroville makes the slow transition from dump to home.|last=Kelly|first=David|date=2010-06-05|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=6 June 2010}}
3. ^¹http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-duroville1-2009may01,0,2068462.story 2009 Los Angeles Times story regarding the federal ruling
4. ^{{cite news|title=REDEVELOPMENT: For Duroville residents, more waiting|url=http://www.pe.com/local-news/breaking-news-headlines/20120524-redevelopment-for-duroville-residents-more-waiting.ece|accessdate=May 28, 2012|newspaper=The Press-Enterprise (California)|date=May 23, 2012|author=Dug Begley}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Budget Crisis Takes Toll on Community for California Farmworkers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/28/us/california-farmworkers-community-hurt-by-budget-crisis.html|accessdate=May 28, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 27, 2012|author=Jennifer Medina}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=California high court puts redevelopment agencies out of business: The court's ruling will help generate funds for the troubled state budget but hobble local economic development and housing programs. More than 400 agencies will close after Feb. 1.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/29/local/la-me-redevelopment-20111230|accessdate=May 28, 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=December 29, 2011|author=Maura Dolan|author2=Jessica Garrison|author3=Anthony York}}

Location and condition

Litigation

Redevelopment

References

External links