词条 | Incitatus |
释义 |
Incitatus ({{IPA-la|in.ki.ˈtaː.tus}}) was the favored horse of Roman emperor Caligula (reigned 37–41 AD). According to legend, Caligula planned to make him a consul. His name is a Latin adjective meaning "swift" or "at full gallop". LegendAccording to Suetonius, in the Lives of the Twelve Caesars (121 AD), Caligula planned to make Incitatus a consul,[1] and that the horse would "invite" dignitaries to dine with him in a house outfitted with servants there to entertain such events. He also wrote that he had a stable of marble, with an ivory manger, purple blankets, and a collar of precious stones. Cassius Dio (155-235 AD) indicated that the horse was attended by servants and was fed oats mixed with gold flake,[2] and that Caligula made the horse a priest.[3]Historical accuracyThe accuracy of the received history is generally questioned. Historians such as Anthony A. Barrett suggest that later Roman chroniclers such as Suetonius and Dio Cassius were influenced by the political situation of their own times, when it may have been useful to the current emperors to discredit the earlier Julio-Claudian emperors. Also, the lurid nature of the story added spice to their narratives, winning them additional readers. One suggestion is that the treatment of Incitatus by Caligula was an elaborate prank, intended to ridicule and provoke the senate, rather than a sign of insanity, or perhaps a form of satire, with the implication that a horse could perform a senator's duties.[4] Barrett notes that "Many stories were spread about Incitatus, originating most likely from Caligula's own humorous quips."[5] "Possibly out of perverted sense of humor Caligula would pour libations to Incitatus' salus [health and well-being], and claimed that he intended to co-opt him as his priest."[5] Ancient sources are clear that the horse was never actually made a consul.[6] In art and metaphor
References1. ^Suetonius. De vita Caesarum, Caligula, 55: "consulatum quoque traditur destinasse" eng.: "it is also said that he planned to make him consul". 2. ^Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.14. 3. ^Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.28. 4. ^Did Caligula really make his horse a consul?, Elizabeth Nix, History Channel, June 21, 2016 5. ^1 {{cite book|title=Caligula: The Corruption of Power|author= Barrett, Anthony A. |publisher=Yale University Press|year=1990|location=New Haven, CT}} 6. ^1 [https://theconversation.com/mythbusting-ancient-rome-caligulas-horse-75837 Mythbusting Ancient Rome – Caligula’s Horse], Shushma Malik and Caillan Davenport, The Conversation, May 4, 2017 7. ^English translation of "Caligula Speaks", by Zbigniew Herbert, translated by Oriana Ivy 8. ^Radio Times listing for Me and Little Boots from March 2000. 9. ^Jack of Fables #22-24 5 : Ancient individual animals|Julio-Claudian dynasty|Animals in politics|Horses in culture and religion|Individual male horses |
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