| 词条 | E86 cluster bomb |
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The E86 cluster bomb was an American biological cluster bomb first developed in 1951. Though the U.S. military intended to procure 6,000 E86s, the program was halted in the first half of the 1950s. HistoryThe E86 cluster bomb was developed as a biological weapon by the United States Army Chemical Corps and the United States Air Force beginning in October 1951.[1] The Ralph M. Parsons Company was contracted to produce the E86 in October 1952.[1] In 1953 procurement began for 6,000 E86 cluster bombs, with their production expected no earlier than 1958.[3] When U.S. military munition requirements were reviewed in the first half of the 1950s, production and further development of the E86 was halted.[3] The E86 cluster bomb supplanted technologies such as the E77 balloon bomb.[2] SpecificationsThe E86 was similar to the M115 biological bomb, except it was larger. While the M115 weighed {{convert|500|lb|0}}, the E86 was a {{convert|750|lb|0|adj=on}} weapon.[1] Regardless, operationally, the E86 was similar to the M115.[1] It was designed as an anti-crop weapon;[1] the U.S. biological weapons program produced three anti crop agents, wheat and rye stem rust and rice blast.[3] The weapon was in a steel case and intended to be dropped from the exterior of an aircraft such as the B-47 or B-52.[1] Sub-munitions included the E14 munition;[11] the sub-munition was originally intended as anti-crop weapons as well, but was later altered and used in testing as the U.S. pursued an entomological warfare program.[4] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 Whitby, Simon M. Biological Warfare Against Crops, ([https://books.google.com/books?id=jqLrDLZvt9kC&pg=PA167&dq=E86+cluster+bomb&client=firefox-a#PPA167,M1 Google Books]), Macmillan, 2002, pp. 167-69, ({{ISBN|0333920856}}). {{U.S. biological weapons}}{{DEFAULTSORT:E86 Cluster Bomb}}2. ^1 2 Wheelis, Mark, et al. Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons Since 1945, ([https://books.google.com/books?id=Usskez9NfEYC&pg=PA218&dq=E86+cluster+bomb&client=firefox-a#PPA218,M1 Google Books]), Harvard University Press, 2006, p. 218, ({{ISBN|0674016998}}). 3. ^Zilinskas, Raymond A. Biological Warfare: Modern Offense and Defense, ([https://books.google.com/books?id=mKjkXG2GbMgC&pg=PA68&dq=E86+cluster+bomb&client=firefox-a#PPA68,M1 Google Books]), Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colorado: 2000, p. 68, ({{ISBN|1555877613}}). 4. ^1 Kirby, Reid. "Using the flea as weapon {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611071747/http://www.wood.army.mil/chmdsd/pdfs/Jul-Dec%202005/Kirby.pdf |date=2007-06-11 }}", Army Chemical Review, July 2005, accessed December 28, 2008. 3 : Biological weapon delivery systems|Cluster bombs|Cold War aerial bombs of the United States |
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