| 词条 | Ebion |
| 释义 |
Ebion (Greek: Εβιων) was the presumed eponymous founder of an early Christian group known as the Ebionites. The existent historical evidence indicates that the name "Ebionite" is derived from a Hebrew word, "ebion" (אביון) meaning "poor"[1][2] and thus not from someone's name. Ebion is generally seen today as a purely literary figure, whose reputed existence in antiquity was used to explain where the Ebionites got their inspiration. However, once he had been accepted as real, a small tradition developed around him that lasted in early learned Christian circles for a few centuries. Ebion according to the church fathers{{main|Ebionites}}Tertullian is the first writer noted for mentioning Ebion, which he does a number of times, mainly related to the notion that Jesus was a man and not divine. As an example, Tertullian writes, if Jesus "were wholly the Son of a man, He should fail to be also the Son of God, and have nothing more than 'a Solomon' or 'a Jonas,'--as Ebion thought we ought to believe concerning Him."[3] In a text called "Against All Heresies", an anonymous work once attributed to Tertullian,[4] Ebion is referred to as the successor to Cerinthus. This places Ebion in the early 2nd century and as part of a particular heretical tradition. By the time Epiphanius wrote his text on heresies, "The Panarion", nearly a century after Tertullian, Ebion had received a birthplace, a hamlet called Cochabe in the district of Bashan, was thought to have travelled through Asia, and even come to Rome.[5]Jerome believed that Ebion lived at the time of John the Apostle[6] and had been refuted by John for not believing Jesus existed before Mary.[7] He thought that Ebion translated the Old Testament himself[8] and refers to Ebion's baptism.[9]Notes1. ^Origen knew the etymology in the 3rd century, De Principiis, IV, 22. 2. ^See for example the Catholic Encyclopedia entry for Ebionites. 3. ^Tertullian, De Carne Christi, 18. 4. ^See chapter 3 of the work. The author is referred to as Pseudo-Tertullian and the work is thought to be related to Hippolytus's lost "Syntagma". 5. ^Epiphanius of Salamis, Panarion 30. 6. ^Jerome, Dialogus Adversus Luciferianos, 23 & Matthew Prologue. 7. ^Jerome, e Viris Illustribus Liber Ad Dextrum, 9. 8. ^Jerome, In Epistolam Beati Pauli Ad Galatas, 3:13-14. 9. ^Jerome, Dialogus Adversus Luciferianos, 26. References
6 : Legendary people|2nd-century Romans|2nd-century Christianity|Early Jewish Christian sects|Founders of religions|Heresy in ancient Christianity |
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