| 词条 | Echinometra mathaei |
| 释义 |
| image = Seaurchin.jpg | image_caption = Echinometra mathaei | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Echinodermata | classis = Echinoidea | ordo = Camarodonta | familia = Echinometridae | genus = Echinometra | species = E. mathaei | binomial = Echinometra mathaei | binomial_authority = Blainville, 1825 [1] | synonyms = *Echinometra brunea A. Agassiz, 1863
| synonyms_ref = [1] }} Echinometra mathaei, the burrowing urchin, is a species of sea urchin in the family Echinometridae. It occurs in shallow waters in the Indo-Pacific region. The type locality is Mauritius. DescriptionEchinometra mathaei grows to a test diameter of about {{convert|5|cm}}. The colour is quite variable but the test is usually a dark colour. The spines are sometimes green and purple with purple tips or entirely green with purple tips but this sea urchin can be distinguished from other species by a characteristic pale ring at the base of each spine.[1][2]DistributionEchinometra mathaei is found on reefs in tropical parts of the Indo-Pacific Ocean at depths down to {{convert|139|m}}. Its range extends from Madagascar, the East African coast and the Red Sea to Hawaii.[1]BiologyEchinometra mathaei uses its spines and teeth (part of the mouthparts known as Aristotle's lantern) to dig itself into the basaltic and calcareous rock where it lives.[2] It emerges from these hollows at night to graze on algae. As with other sea urchins, breeding involves releasing gametes into the water column. Fertilisation is external and the echinopluteus larvae are planktonic. When these settle on the seabed, they undergo metamorphosis into juvenile sea urchins.[3] In the Gulf of Suez, in the most northerly part of its range, it spawns in the summer and autumn but in warmer waters, breeding takes place at any time of year.[4]Because of its burrowing activities, Echinometra mathaei causes bioerosion of coral reefs. Its natural predators are mostly finfish but there is also some predation by brittle stars and gastropod molluscs. It has been found that in areas where heavy fishing takes place, the number of urchins is increased because their natural predators are less abundant and as a consequence, greater damage to the reef takes place.[5] A commensal shrimp, Athanas areteformi, lives among the spines of this sea urchin [1] and its appearance is mimicked by the mantis shrimp, Echinosquilla guerinii, which conceals itself in a hole in the rock with only its spiny telson visible.[2] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite WoRMS |author=Kroh, Andreas |year=2010 |title=Echinometra mathaei (Blainville, 1825) |id=213383 |accessdate=2012-09-19 |db=Echinoidea}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q260571}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.seadb.net/en_Burrowing-urchin-Echinometra-mathaei_237.htm |title=Burrowing urchin (Echinometra mathaei) |author=Massimo Boyer |date=2012 |work=World Database of Marine Species |accessdate=2012-09-19}} 3. ^{{cite book |title=Zoology |last=Dorit |first=R. L. |author2=Walker, W. F. |author3=Barnes, R. D. |year=1991 |publisher=Saunders College Publishing |isbn=978-0-03-030504-7 |page=788 }} 4. ^{{cite journal |author=Pearse, J. S. |year=1969 |title=Reproductive Periodicities of Indo-Pacific Invertebrates in the Gulf of Suez. II. The Echinoid Echinometra Mathaei (De Blainville) |journal=Bulletin of Marine Science |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=580–613 |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1969/00000019/00000003/art00006 }} 5. ^{{cite journal |author= McClanahan, Timothy R. |author-link= Timothy R. McClanahan |author2= Muthiga, Nyawira A. |year=1989 |title=Patterns of predation on a sea urchin, Echinometra mathaei (de Blainville), on Kenyan coral reefs |journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |volume=126 |issue=1 |pages=77–94 |doi=10.1016/0022-0981(89)90125-1 }} 2 : Echinometridae|Animals described in 1825 |
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