| 词条 | Edward Balliol |
| 释义 |
| name = Edward Balliol | succession = Claimant to the Scottish Kingdom | image = Edward Balliol.jpg | caption = Mid 18th century engraving of Edward Balliol | reign = August 1332 to 1336 | coronation = | predecessor = | successor = | issue = | house = House of Balliol | father = John Balliol | mother = Isabella de Warenne | birth_date = {{circa|1283}} | birth_place = | death_date = c. 1367 | death_place = Wheatley, Doncaster | place of burial= | religion = Roman Catholicism |}} Edward Balliol ({{circa}} 1283 – 1367) was a pretender to the Scottish throne during the Second War of Scottish Independence. With English help, he briefly ruled parts of the country in three periods between 1332 and 1336. LifeHe was the eldest son of John Balliol, erstwhile King of the Scots, and Isabella de Warenne, daughter of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, and Alice de Lusignan. Alice was daughter of Hugh X de Lusignan and Isabella of Angoulême, widow of John, King of England. The death of King Robert I weakened Scotland considerably, since his son and successor David II was still a child and the two most able lieutenants, the Black Douglas and Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, both died shortly afterwards. Taking advantage of this, Edward Balliol, backed by Edward III of England, defeated the Regent, the Earl of Mar, at the Battle of Dupplin Moor in Perthshire. He was crowned at Scone in September 1332, but three months later he was forced to flee half-naked back to England, following a surprise attack by nobles loyal to David II at the Battle of Annan. On his retreat from Scotland, Balliol sought refuge with the Clifford family, land owners in Westmorland, and stayed in their castles at Appleby, Brougham, Brough, and Pendragon.[1] He was restored by the English in 1333, following the siege of Berwick and the Battle of Halidon Hill. Balliol then ceded the whole of the district formerly known as Lothian to Edward and paid homage to him as liege lord. With no serious support in Scotland, he was deposed again in 1334, {{citation needed|date=October 2010}} and restored again in 1335, and finally deposed in 1336 by those loyal to David II. All realistic hopes of Edward's restoration were lost when David II returned from France in June 1341. He returned to Scotland after the defeat of David II at Battle of Neville's Cross in 1346, raising an insurrection in Galloway, and speedily penetrated to the central parts of the kingdom. However, he gained no permanent footing. On 20 January 1356, Balliol surrendered his claim to the Scottish throne to Edward III in exchange for an English pension. He spent the rest of his life living in obscurity. He died in 1367, at Wheatley, Doncaster, Yorkshire, England. The location of his grave is believed to be under a Doncaster Post Office.[2] Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Edward Balliol |2= 2. John Balliol, King of Scots |3= 3. Isabella de Warenne |4= 4. John, 5th Baron de Balliol |5= 5. Dervorguilla of Galloway |6= 6. John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey |7= 7. Alice de Lusignan |8= 8. Hugh de Balliol |9= 9. Cecilia de Fontaines |10= 10. Alan, Lord of Galloway |11= 11. Margaret of Huntingdon |12= 12. William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey |13= 13. Maud Marshal |14= 14. Hugh X of Lusignan |15= 15. Isabella of Angoulême |16= 16. Eustace de Balliol |17= 17. Ada de Fontaines |18= 18. Aleaume de Fontaines |19= 19. Laurette de Saint-Valérie |20= 20. Lochlann, Lord of Galloway |21= 21. Elena de Morville |22= 22. David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon |23= 23. Maud of Chester |24= 24. Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey |25= 25. Isabel de Warenne, 4th Countess of Surrey |26= 26. William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke |27= 27. Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke |28= 28. Hugh IX of Lusignan |29= 29. Agathe de Preuilly |30= 30. Aymer of Angoulême |31= 31. Alice of Courtenay }} References1. ^{{harvnb|Summerson|Trueman|Harrison|1998|p=18.}} 2. ^{{cite web| title = Could Scots king be buried under the Post Office?| work = South Yorkshire Times| url = http://www.southyorkshiretimes.co.uk/lifestyle/features/could-scots-king-be-buried-under-the-post-office-1-5407840| date = 14 Feb 2013| accessdate = {{date|15 apr 2013}}| author = Darren Burke}} Primary
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6 : 1280s births|1367 deaths|Heirs to the Scottish throne|House of Balliol|People of the Wars of Scottish Independence|14th-century Scottish monarchs |
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