“Alençon”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Alençon ({{IPA-fr|a.lɑ̃.sɔ̃|-|Fr-Alençon.ogg}}) is a commune in Normandy, France, capital of the Orne department. It is situated {{Convert|173|km|mi|0}} west of Paris. Alençon belongs to the intercommunality of Alençon (with 52,000 people).

History

The name of Alençon is first recorded in a document dated in the seventh century. During the tenth century, Alençon was a buffer state between Normandy and the Maine regions. In 1049-1051, William Duke of Normandy, later known as William the Conqueror and king of England, laid siege to the town, which had risen in support of the Count of Anjou along with two other towns of the Bellême estates, Domfront (then in Maine) and Bellême (held directly from King Henry I of France). According to Duke William's chaplain and panegyrist, William of Poitiers, the citizens insulted William by hanging animal skins from the walls, in reference to his ancestry as the illegitimate son of Duke Robert and a tanner's daughter. On capturing the town, William had a number of the citizens' hands and feet cut off in revenge. Alençon was occupied by the English during the Anglo-Norman wars of 1113 to 1203.

The city became the seat of a dukedom in 1415, belonging to the sons of the King of France until the French Revolution, and some of them played important roles in French history: see Duke of Alençon. The French Revolution caused relatively little disorder in this area although there were some royalist uprisings nearby.

A long-standing local fabric industry gave birth to the town's famous point d’Alençon lace in the 18th century. The economic development of the nineteenth century was based on iron foundries and mills in the surrounding region. In the first half of the twentieth century the city developed a flourishing printing industry.

Alençon was home to St.Marie-Azélie Guérin Martin^[1] and Louis Martin,^[2] the parents of St. Thérèse of Lisieux.^[3] They were the first spouses in the history of the Catholic Church to be proposed for sainthood as a couple, in 2008. Zélie and Louis were married at the Basilica^[4] of Notre-Dame in Alençon on 13 July 1858 and spent their whole married life in Alençon, where Thérèse was born^[5] in January 1873 and spent her early childhood until the death of her mother in 1877.

On 17 June 1940 the German Army took occupation of Alençon. On 12 August 1944 Alençon was the first French city to be liberated by the French Army under General Leclerc, after minor bomb damage.

After the war the population sharply increased and new industries settled. Many of these were related to plastics and the town is now a major plastics educational centre.

Climate

Population

Heraldry

Economy

In the seventeenth century, Alençon was chiefly noted for its lace called point d'Alençon.

Today, Alençon is home to a prosperous plastics industry, and, since 1993, to a plastics engineering school.

MPO Fenêtres is a local PVC windows company established in Alençon since 1970, is one of the first company in Alençon with around 170 employees (2009) and a turnover of 28 million euros in 2008. It is also the oldest French PVC windows company still in activity.

Education

Transport

Alençon is linked by the A28 autoroute (motorway/freeway) with the nearby cities of Le Mans to the south (Sarthe) and Rouen (Seine-Maritime) to the north.

The A88 autoroute links the A28 just north of Alençon to the coastal port of Caen.

Personalities

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

See also

References

1. ^¹{{Cite web |url=http://www.louiszeliemartin-alencon.com/eng/the-message/z%C3%A9lie-s-life/ |title=Shrine Louis and Zelie Martin (Alençon-France) - Zelie Martin's life |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315142650/http://www.louiszeliemartin-alencon.com/eng/the-message/z%C3%A9lie-s-life/ |archive-date=15 March 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
2. ^¹Shrine Louis and Zelie Martin (Alençon-France) - Louis Martin's life
3. ^¹{{Cite web |url=http://www.louiszeliemartin-alencon.com/eng/the-message/the-life-of-st-th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se/ |title=Shrine Louis and Zelie Martin (Alençon-France) - St. Therese's life |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315143024/http://www.louiszeliemartin-alencon.com/eng/the-message/the-life-of-st-th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se/ |archive-date=15 March 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
4. ^Shrine Louis and Zelie Martin (Alençon-France) - The basilica of Notre Dame
5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.louiszeliemartin-alencon.com/eng/your-pilgrimage/the-family-home/ |title=Shrine Louis and Zelie Martin (Alençon-France) - Alençon, the birthplace of St. Therese |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315125838/http://www.louiszeliemartin-alencon.com/eng/your-pilgrimage/the-family-home/ |archive-date=15 March 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
6. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/alencon/61001001/normales| title = Données climatiques de la station de Alençon| publisher = Meteo France| language = French| accessdate = January 9, 2016}}
7. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/basse-normandie/regi25/normales| title = Climat Basse-Normandie| publisher = Meteo France| language = French| accessdate = January 9, 2016}}
8. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07139-alencon-valframbert.html| title = Normes et records 1961-1990: Alençon - Valframbert (61) - altitude 144m| language = French| publisher = Infoclimat| accessdate = January 9, 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|title=British towns twinned with French towns|accessdate = 2013-07-11|work=Archant Community Media Ltd}}